Abstract: Child healthcare，which is concerned with the normative patterns of child growth and development and their influencing factors，has attracted increasing attention in recent years. This article provides a systematic review of the latest advances in the early assessment of childhood nutrition and growth status，pediatric nutrition and feeding practices，and other related fields.  Currently，China's demographic structure is characterized by low birth rate，low mortality，high aging，and high life expectancy，and children have been recognized as a strategic resource for sustainable national development. Heightened societal expectations regarding children's growth，health，developmental potential and quality of life have，therefore，created significant opportunities for the advancement of the child healthcare discipline. This article proposes developing an integrated child healthcare system that spans the entire life course and encompasses the full continuum of care，forming a functionally comprehensive child health service chain. It is emphasized that in the new era，child healthcare should take the promotion of child development as its central objective. Achieving this goal requires robust multidisciplinary collaboration in the medical field，strengthened interdisciplinary integration with educational science，psychology，sociology，and related disciplines，and enhanced intersectoral coordination with sectors such as education，civil affairs，and women’s organizations. By fostering an optimal environment for nurturing and care，this integrated approach aims to promote early childhood development and maximize children’s developmental potential，ultimately achieving the strategic goal of enhancing overall population quality and aiding the country’s long-term development.

Key words: child healthcare, child health, early childhood development

摘要： 近年来，儿童保健学作为研究儿童正常生长发育规律及其影响因素的学科日益受到重视。该文系统梳理了儿童营养及生长状况早期评价、儿科营养与喂养以及其他相关领域的最新进展。当前，中国人口结构呈现低出生率、低死亡率、高老龄化、高预期寿命的长期趋势，儿童已成为国家可持续发展的战略资源。社会对儿童的生长发育、健康状况、发展潜能及生活质量提出了更高要求，儿童保健学科因此面临广阔的发展前景。该文提出应着重构建覆盖全生命周期、全链条的儿童保健学科发展体系（即功能完备的儿童健康服务链），强调新时代儿童保健工作应以促进儿童发展为核心目标。为此，通过医学领域多学科协作，并加强与教育学、心理学、社会学等领域的跨学科融合，同时深化与教育、民政、妇联等多部门的联动，共同为儿童提供最优的养育照护环境，促进儿童早期发展，充分激发儿童潜能，最终达到提升人口综合素质、助力国家长远发展的战略目标。

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