Abstract: In recent years，the rapid development in molecular biology，medical imaging，interventional medicine，and artificial intelligence has continuously driven the evolution of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for pediatric cardiovascular diseases. The diagnosis and management of congenital heart disease have moved forward to the fetal period，the concept of whole-life-cycle management is being gradually implemented，and genomicsbased precision medicine is becoming increasingly prevalent. This article reviews the latest research evidence and clinical advances in congenital heart disease，arrhythmias，heart failure，cardiomyopathies，pulmonary arterial hypertension，Kawasaki disease，syncope，and rare cardiovascular diseases，aiming to serve as a practical reference for pediatricians.

Key words: congenital heart disease, heart failure, pulmonary arterial hypertension, arrhythmia, Kawasaki disease

摘要： 近年来分子生物学、医学影像、介入医学与人工智能的快速发展，推动儿童心血管疾病诊疗技术持续迭代。先天性心脏病诊疗关口已前移至胎儿期，全生命周期管理理念逐步落地，以基因组学为核心的精准诊疗模式日趋普及。该文梳理了先天性心脏病、心律失常、心力衰竭、心肌病、肺动脉高压、川崎病、晕厥及心血管罕见病等领域的最新研究证据与临床进展，为儿科医师提供临床参考。

关键词: 先天性心脏病, 心力衰竭, 肺动脉高压, 心律失常, 川崎病