Abstract: For the first time，the Rome V criteria published in 2026 incorporates pediatric biliary pain syndrome（BPS）into the spectrum of pediatric disorders of gut-brain interaction，filling the gap of diagnostic criteria for this disease in children. Based on the latest domestic and international evidence-based data，this paper summarizes the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric BPS as well as the Rome V diagnostic criteria and their connotations. It systematically elaborates standardized clinical evaluation procedures and key points of differential diagnosis，analyzes the application controversies between conservative regimens and cholecystectomy，clarifies prudent indications for cholecystectomy in pediatric patients，and prospects future research directions， so as to provide references for standardized clinical diagnosis and management in pediatric practice.

Key words: biliary pain syndrome, children, Rome V criteria, biliary dyskinesia, gallbladder ejection fraction

摘要： 2026 年罗马Ⅴ首次将儿童胆源性疼痛综合征（biliary pain syndrome，BPS）纳入儿童肠- 脑互动异常疾病体系，填补了儿童领域诊断标准的空白。文章结合国内外最新循证证据，梳理儿童BPS 流行病学特征、罗马Ⅴ诊断标准及内涵，系统阐述规范化临床评估、鉴别诊断要点，剖析保守治疗方案与胆囊切除术的应用争议，明确儿童胆囊切除术的审慎应用原则，并对未来研究方向进行展望，旨在为儿科临床开展标准化诊疗提供参考。

关键词: 胆源性疼痛综合征, 儿童, 罗马Ⅴ标准, 胆道运动障碍, 胆囊排空分数