Abstract: Abdominal bloating/distension is a common symptom and/or sign in clinical pediatric practice，which can be either a subjective sensation of bloating or an objectively measurable distention. Its etiology is various，encompassing functional gastrointestinal disorders，medical organic diseases，and surgical organic diseases. In clinical practice，clinicians must reduce unnecessary examinations related to functional disorders while avoiding missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of organic diseases.Dysbiosis and translocation of intestinal microbiota also contribute to the development of abdominal bloating/distension.Herein，we propose a standardized diagnostic and treatment strategy for pediatric abdominal bloating/distension and summarize the latest advances to provide references for clinical practice.

Key words: abdominal bloating, intestinal obstruction, functional gastrointestinal disorder, children

摘要： 腹胀是儿科临床常见症状和（或）体征，可以是主观感受或是客观膨隆。病因多样，包括功能性胃肠道疾病、内科器质性疾病、外科器质性疾病。临床实践中，既要减少对功能性疾病的过度检查，也要避免对器质性疾病的漏诊、误诊。肠道菌群紊乱和易位也是引起腹胀的原因之一。文章针对儿童腹胀提出规范化的诊治策略，并总结了相关的前沿进展，为临床实践提供参考。

关键词: 腹胀, 肠梗阻, 功能性胃肠道疾病, 儿童