Abstract: Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy（HIE） represents a critical condition contributing to neonatal mortality and disability，and its early and precise intervention heavily relies on time-sensitive biomarker identification. Current clinical assessment systems are notably limited by their latency and subjectivity，failing to meet the decision-making demands of precision diagnostics such as the“golden window”for therapeutic hypothermia. With breakthroughs in advanced technologies including phenomics，proteomics，genomics，and artificial intelligence-driven multimodal data integration，research on HIE biomarkers is evolving towards a dynamic network integrating phenome-proteome-metabolome-transcriptome data. This shift is enabling a transition from static evaluation to real-time dynamic precision monitoring，and from diagnostic classification to treatment response and prediction. This review focuses on the most promising novel biomarkers，systematically explores recent advances in reconstructing early warning，precise stratification，and individualized neuroprotective strategies for HIE，and analyzes the challenges and opportunities of multi-omics integration and AI modeling in transforming the diagnostic and therapeutic paradigm for HIE.

Key words: hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, novel biomarkers, application prospects

摘要： 新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）是导致新生儿死亡和残疾的核心问题，其早期精准干预高度依赖于识别时间敏感的生物标志物。当前临床评估体系仍存在显著滞后性与主观性，难以满足亚低温治疗“黄金窗口”等一系列精准诊断的决策需求。随着表型组学、蛋白质组学、基因组学、人工智能（AI）驱动的多模态数据融合等前沿技术的突破，HIE生物标志物的研究正在向整合表型—蛋白质组—代谢组—转录组的动态网络演进，从静态评估向实时动态精准监测跨越，从诊断分型向治疗响应、预测深化。文章聚焦最具转化潜力的新型生物标志物，系统探讨其在重构 HIE 早期预警、精准分层及个体化神经保护策略中的前沿进展，分析多组学整合与AI模型在推动HIE诊疗范式变革中所面临的挑战与机遇。

关键词: 新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病, 新型生物标志物, 应用前景