Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus（SA）pneumonia is a common disease with a relatively high fatality among children. In recent years，the detection rate of methicillin-resistant SA（MRSA）is increased，posing severe challenges to the antibiotic therapy in clinical practice. This article briefly described the clinical characteristics of SA pneumonia in children，the pathogenicity，the main drug-resistant mechanisms of SA，and the anti-SA drugs and their characteristics. The antimicrobial agents and strategy for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus（MSSA）pneumonia，MRSA pneumonia，and vancomycin-mediated/-resistant SA（VISA/VRSA）pneumonia were recommended.Also，the future anti-infective therapy and research direction were prospected.

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摘要： 金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus，SA）肺炎是儿童常见且病死率较高的一种疾病。近年来，甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）检出率增高，给临床的抗感染治疗带来严峻挑战。该文简要介绍了儿童SA肺炎的临床特征，致病特点与主要耐药机制，SA的抗菌药物及特点，并就甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌（MSSA）肺炎、MRSA肺炎、万古霉素中介/耐药金黄色葡萄球菌（VISA/VRSA）肺炎的抗菌药物选择及治疗方案给予了推荐，并展望了未来SA的抗感染治疗与研究方向。

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