Abstract: Urinary system infection ，also known as urinary tract infection（UTI），is a common disease in children.Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract（CAKUT）is one of the risk factors for UTI，which may lead to renal scarring in the long term.Children diagnosed with UTI need timely imaging evaluation to make sure whether there is abnormal development of urinary system.Once UTI is confirmed，sensitive antibiotics should be given in time，and prophylactic antibiotics may be needed when there is a high risk of recurrent UTI.In this review，the examination，treatment and preventive measures for UTI children combined with CAKUT were reviewed by referring to and analyzing guidelines，consensuses and clinical evidence on UTI in children，aiming to provide reference for clinical practice.

Key words: urinary system infection, child, congenital anom-alies of the kidney and urinary tract

摘要： 泌尿系感染也称尿路感染（UTI）是儿童常见疾病，先天性肾脏和尿路畸形（CAKUT）是UTI发生的危险因素之一，远期可能导致肾瘢痕。对于确诊UTI的儿童，应及时完善影像学检查评估有无泌尿系统发育异常。一旦诊断UTI应及时给予敏感抗菌药物治疗，当存在UTI的高风险时可能需要预防性抗菌药物治疗。文章通过查阅、分析儿童UTI的相关指南、共识及临床依据，对合并先天性肾脏和尿路畸形的UTI儿童的检查、治疗、预防等进行阐述，旨在为临床医师工作提供参考。

关键词: 泌尿系感染, 儿童, 先天性肾脏和尿路畸形