Abstract: Iron deficiency （ID） and iron deficiency anemia （IDA） affect the growth and development of the cerebral cognitive function of children. The prevalence of ID and IDA in Chinese children has decreased significantly compared with previous years， but the prevalence in children in some areas is still high due to the vast territory， the uneven development of different areas and the different living habits of various ethnic groups. The standardized prevention and treatment of child ID and IDA is of great significance for improving children's growth and development and our population quality. Therefore， the expert group of the Child Health Care Branch of Chinese Preventive Medicine Association， Early Child Development Branch of China Maternal and Child Health Association，Health Care Branch of Futang Research Center of Pediatric Development， Chinese Journal of Practical Pediatrics referred to the national documents and the clinical guidelines and expert consensus of domestic and foreign， consulted evidence-based literature， and formulated the Expert Consensus on the Prevention and Treatment of Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children  after much discussion， which met the Chinese clinical needs.

Key words: consensus, iron deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, child, prevention and treatment

摘要： 铁缺乏症（iron deficiency， ID）、缺铁性贫血（iron deficiency anemia， IDA）影响儿童生长发育及大脑认知功能发展。我国儿童ID和IDA患病率较早年已明显下降，但由于国土辽阔、各区域的发展程度不均以及各民族生活习惯差异等原因，部分区域儿童的患病率仍然较高。儿童ID和IDA的规范化防治对改善儿童生长发育，提高我国人口素质意义重大。为此，中华预防医学会儿童保健分会、中国妇幼保健协会儿童早期发展专业委员会、福棠儿童医学发展研究中心儿童保健专业委员会和《中国实用儿科杂志》编辑委员会组织专家参考国家相关部门文件及国内外临床指南共识，查阅循证文献，通过反复研讨形成符合我国临床需求的《儿童铁缺乏和缺铁性贫血防治专家共识》。

关键词: 共识, 铁缺乏, 缺铁性贫血, 儿童, 防治