Abstract: Colorectal polyps are the common cause of gastrointestinal bleeding in children. Juvenile polyps are the most common， most of which are benign lesions，but there is also the possibility of malignant change. Intestinal microbiota is closely related to colorectal polyps，and genetic factors play an important role in the occurrence of colorectal polyps. However，many environmental factors，such as high-fat diet，obesity，Helicobacter pylori infection，affect the incidence of colorectal polyps by changing the intestinal microbiota. The intestinal microecology of children with colorectal polyps is unbalanced，and the intestinal microecology structure of different types and locations of polyps is also different. Dietary intervention，supplement of probiotics，prebiotics，synbiotics and some drugs to regulate the intestinal microecology balance may become a new strategy to prevent and treat children with colorectal polyps.

Key words: child, colorectal polyps, intestinal microbiota, microecology

摘要： 结直肠息肉是儿童消化道出血的常见病因，以幼年性息肉最常见，绝大部分为良性病变，但也存在恶变可能。肠道微生物群与结直肠息肉密切相关，遗传因素在结直肠息肉的发生中发挥重要作用，但多种环境因素如高脂饮食、肥胖、幽门螺杆菌感染等可通过改变肠道微生物群而影响其发病。结直肠息肉患儿存在肠道微生态失衡，且不同类型、不同位置的息肉患儿其肠道微生态结构也存在差异，通过饮食干预、补充益生菌、益生元、合生元及某些药物调节肠道微生态平衡，可能成为防治儿童结直肠息肉的新策略。

关键词: 儿童, 结直肠息肉, 肠道菌群, 微生态