Abstract: Colorectal polyp is a common disease and the common cause of painless hematochezia in children. With the popularization of colonoscopy technology in children，more and more children with colorectal polyps have been diagnosed and treated. Colorectal polyps often have symptoms in early childhood. Colonoscopy can confirm the location，size and quantity of polyps，and pathological examination can be carried out to determine their nature. Colorectal polyps in children include inflammatory polyps，hamartomatous polyps，adenomatous polyps and other types. Pediatricians need to raise awareness and actively perform colonoscopy in children with symptoms or a relevant family history.

Key words: colorectal polyps, child, digestive endoscopy, genetic

摘要： 结直肠息肉是儿童常见病，是儿童无痛性便血的常见病因。随着儿童结肠镜检查技术的推广，越来越多的结直肠息肉患儿得到了诊断和治疗。结直肠息肉多在幼儿期、学龄前期出现症状，通过结肠镜检查，能够确认息肉的部位、大小、数量，能够进行病理检查确定其性质。儿童结直肠息肉有炎性息肉、错构瘤性息肉、腺瘤性息肉等多种类型。儿科医生需要提高认识，对有症状或有相关家族史的患儿积极进行结肠镜检查。

关键词: 结直肠息肉, 儿童, 消化内镜, 遗传