Abstract: Allergen- specific immunotherapy（AIT） has effect on both innate and adaptive immune responses. New approaches of AIT for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma are intralymphatic immunotherapy（ILIT） and epicutaneous immunotherapy（EPIT）. The effectiveness and standard protocols need to be further studied. Generation of hypoallergenic recombinant allergen derivatives and immunogenic peptides，and new adjuvants are the investigating goals in the future. Food oral immunotherapy（OIT） has some effects on patients with food allergy. However，adverse effect especially anaphylaxis is still the problem needing to be solved. Biologics have effects in patients who are not responsive to traditional drugs. AIT in combination with biologics is a novel approach for patients with severe asthma or atopic dermatitis.

Key words: child, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, allergic disease, immunotherapy

摘要：

变应原特异性免疫治疗（AIT）属主动免疫疗法，能调节固有免疫和适应性免疫。变应性鼻结膜炎、哮喘的AIT新途径为淋巴结内免疫治疗和表皮内免疫治疗，但有效性及标准方案仍需进一步研究。低变应原性的重组变应原衍生物和具有免疫原性的肽段，联合新佐剂均是新的AIT研究方向。食物过敏口服免疫治疗具有一定疗效，但不良反应尤其是严重过敏反应的风险仍是需要解决的问题。近年来，被动免疫疗法应用于过敏领域的进展迅速，多种单克隆抗体生物制剂在传统治疗控制不佳的哮喘、特应性皮炎中有着较好效果，AIT联合生物制剂治疗提供了新的治疗选择。

关键词: 儿童, 变应性鼻炎, 食物过敏, 过敏性疾病, 免疫治疗