中国实用儿科杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 155-159.DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2026020614

• 专题笔谈 • 上一篇    下一篇

儿童变应原特异性免疫治疗的临床实践

  

  1. 南京医科大学附属儿童医院,江苏  南京  210008
  • 出版日期:2026-02-06 发布日期:2026-03-13
  • 通讯作者: 田曼,电子信箱:tmsweet@163.com

Clinical practice in allergen-specific immunotherapy for children

  1. Nanjing Children’s Hospital,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing  210008,China
  • Online:2026-02-06 Published:2026-03-13

摘要: 儿童过敏性疾病患病率高,易反复发作,给患儿及家庭带来沉重负担。药物治疗仅能缓解症状,无法阻断过敏进程。 变应原特异性免疫治疗(allergen-specific immunotherapy,AIT)是目前惟一可能改变过敏性疾病自然进程的治疗方法,儿童免疫系统处于发育和可塑阶段,儿童期尽早启动 AIT,可更好地改善生活质量,预防新发致敏,在促进身心健康的同时兼具成本效益。该文系统阐述 AIT的定义、治疗机制、适应证、禁忌证、用药选择、不良反应及临床特殊问题的处理,以期为儿童 AIT 的规范应用提供参考。

关键词:

Abstract: Allergic diseases in children are characterized by high prevalence and a tendency for recurrent episodes,imposing a substantial burden on affected children and their families.Pharmacological treatments only alleviate symptoms but don’t interrupt the allergic process.Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy(AIT)is currently the only therapeutic approach which is likely to modify the natural course of allergic diseases.Given that the pediatric immune system is in a developmental and plastic stage,early initiation of AIT during childhood can better improve quality of life,prevent new sensitivities,and offer cost-effectiveness while promoting physical and mental health.This article systematically reviews the definition,therapeutic mechanisms,indications,contraindications,medication selection,adverse reactions,and management of special clinical issues related to AIT,aiming to provide a reference for the standardized application of AIT in children.

Key words: child, allergen-specific immunotherapy, clinical practice