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Abstract: Allergic diseases in children have become an increasingly severe public health challenge globally.The incidence is continuously rising worldwide，seriously affecting children’s physical and mental health and quality of life，and increasing the social and economic burden.The incidence in China is also increasing year by year， showing a trend of high incidence and low onset age in the central cities， which spreads to the second- and third-level cities and the countryside. This article aims to systematically elaborate on the prevalence status，core driving factors，and challenges faced by the current prevention and control system of allergic diseases in children from a macro perspective，and puts forward integrated and forward - looking coping strategies.The article emphasizes that to enhance the understanding of allergic diseases in children，it is urgently necessary to promote coordinated progress from multiple dimensions，including basic research，clinical practice，public health policies，and public education，and construct an integrated comprehensive prevention and control system of“prevention - diagnosis - treatment - management”， in order to effectively control the disease burden and comprehensively protect children’s health rights and benefits.

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