中国实用儿科杂志

中国实用儿科杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 143-147.DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2026020612

• 专题笔谈 • 上一篇    下一篇

儿童药物超敏反应规范化诊疗的路径

  

  1. 四川大学华西医院过敏反应中心 耳鼻咽喉头颈外科，四川  成都  610000
  • 出版日期:2026-02-06 发布日期:2026-03-13
  • 通讯作者: 电子信箱：mjmelinda@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家临床重点专科建设项目（TJZ202303）；四川省科技厅重点研发项目（2024YFFK0244）；成都市科技局重点研发支撑计划（2024-YF05-00175-SN）

Pathways for standardized diagnosis and treatment of pediatric drug hypersensitivity reactions

  1. Center for Allergy，Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery，West China Hospital，Sichuan University，Chengdu  610000，China
  • Online:2026-02-06 Published:2026-03-13

摘要： 儿童药物过敏总体发生率虽低于成人，但对处方决策、抗菌策略与医疗成本的影响不容忽视。规范化诊断是提升用药安全、减少不必要药物回避的关键。该文评述药物超敏反应的机制及儿童药物超敏反应的特殊性，提出可执行的分层化诊疗路径，并就儿科常见“过敏”药物，包括β- 内酰胺类抗生素、非甾体抗炎药与疫苗，给出诊断路径要点，同时结合中国实际，指出当前瓶颈并提出改进方向，旨在提升儿童药物过敏诊断能力，提升儿童用药的安全性。

关键词:

Abstract: Although the overall incidence of drug allergy in children is lower than that in adults，its impact on prescribing decisions，antimicrobial strategies and healthcare costs is substantial.Standardized diagnosis is key to improving medication safety and avoiding unnecessary drug avoidance.This commentary reviews mechanisms of drug hypersensitivity and speciality of pediatric hypersensitivity，proposes a practicable，stratified diagnostic pathway，and outlines diagnostic pathway points for common “allergic” drugs in children，including β-lactam antibiotics，NSAIDs，and vaccines.In light of China’s current context，we highlight system bottlenecks and propose targeted solutions to strengthen diagnostic capacity in drug allergy and improve medication safety in children.

Key words: drug hypersensitivity reactions, child, diagnosis and treatment