胰腺癌术后辅助治疗已成为综合管理的核心环节，主流方案包括吉西他滨单药、吉西他滨联合卡培他滨及改良FOLFIRINOX、吉西他滨联合替吉奥等。足剂量、足周期的化疗是提高病人生存获益的关键。循环肿瘤细胞（CTCs）、循环肿瘤DNA（ctDNA）等生物标记物，以及病人来源类器官（PDO）药敏检测和人工智能辅助转录组分析等技术，为精准化、个体化辅助治疗提供了重要支撑。辅助放疗、靶向治疗和免疫治疗在高危病人中展现潜力，未来研究应聚焦多方案头对头比较与分子分层指导，以优化联合治疗策略，持续提升病人生存获益。

Postoperative adjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer has become the core component of comprehensive management. The mainstream regimens include gemcitabine monotherapy, gemcitabine combined with capecitabine, modified FOLFIRINOX, and gemcitabine combined with S-1. Full-dose and full-cycle chemotherapy is crucial to improving survival benefits for patients. Biomarkers such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), as well as technologies such as patient-derived organoid (PDO) drug sensitivity testing and artificial intelligence-assisted transcriptomic analysis, provide important support for precise and individualized adjuvant therapy. Adjuvant radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy show potential in high-risk patients. Future research should focus on head-to-head comparisons of multiple regimens and molecular stratification guidance to optimize combination therapy strategies and continuously enhance survival benefits for patients.