Abstract: Viral infections are particularly common among children. In most cases，viral infections are not severe，and they are self-limiting and do not need antiviral drugs. However，in some cases，viral infections can be severe and lead to sequelae and adverse consequences. At present，there are only a few specific antiviral drugs in clinical practice，and the adverse reactions of these drugs limit their application in pediatrics. This article will focus on antiviral drugs currently approved for children. By introducing the mechanism，indications，usage and adverse reactions of these antiviral drugs，it is aimed to improve the understanding of pediatricians about antiviral drugs，and help pediatricians to use antiviral drugs more accurately，reasonably and in a standardized，which will be conducive to recovery from disease and healthy growth of children.

Key words: antiviral drugs, rational use, pediatrics

摘要： 病毒感染在儿童中较为常见。多数病毒感染并不严重，具有自限性，不需要抗病毒治疗。然而，在某些情况下，病毒感染性疾病也可能很严重，并导致后遗症和不良后果。目前临床上特效抗病毒药物并不多，且存在一些不良反应，限制了其在儿科的应用。该文将主要介绍目前已经批准用于儿童的抗病毒药物。通过介绍这些抗病毒药物作用机制、适应证、用法和不良反应，提高儿科医师对抗病毒药物的认识，帮助儿科医生更为精准、合理、规范地使用抗病毒药物，有利于儿童的疾病恢复和健康成长。

关键词: 抗病毒药物, 合理使用, 儿科