Abstract:

Objective    To understand the trend of inhaled allergen positive rate among 0-12-year-old children from 2006 to 2013 in Chongqing Children’s Hospital，and to provide evidence for preventing allergic rhinitis in children. Methods　All cases were collected from Otorhinolaryngological Department of the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 1st January，2006 to 29th October，2013. Totally 10983 children with allergic rhinitis aged 0-12 years old in Chongqing urban districts were enrolled. All the patients underwent skin prick test（SPT） with 13 standardized common inhalant allergens. Then the children were divided into the infants group（aged＜3 years），preschool children（3 years≤aged＜7 years） and school-age children（7 years≤aged＜12 years） according to age. The trend of inhaled allergen positive rate over 8 years was observed. Results    From 2006 to 2013，the SPT positive rate increased sharply，then tended to be stable，and then decreased slowly（Curve Estimation：R 2＝0.836，adjustment R 2＝0.770. ANOVA test：F＝12.727，P＝0.011）. It may be related to meteorological factors. With the growth of age，the positive rates of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus，Dermatophagus farinae，Blomia tropicalis，Cockroaches，cat fur，dog fur and mugwort increased，which were 121.200，123.060，103.237，104.784，17.042，8.515 and 11.256，respectively，　P was 0.000，0.000，0.000，0.000，0.000，0.014 and 0.004，respectively）. Conclusion 　Meteorological factors and age may have effects on allergic rhinitis（AR） in children；with the growth of age，the positive rates of inhaled allergens have tendency variation.

Key words: skin prick test, allergic rhinitis, inhalant allergen, child

摘要：

目的    观察重庆医科大学附属儿童医院0～12岁过敏性鼻炎（allergic rhinitis，AR）患儿吸入性变应原流行变化趋势，为儿童过敏性鼻炎防治方向提供科学依据。方法　选取2006年1月至2013年10月就诊于重庆医科大学附属儿童医院耳鼻喉科的重庆地区0～12岁通过皮肤点刺试验（skin prick test，SPT）确诊的过敏性鼻炎患儿10 983例，按年龄分为幼儿（＜3岁）、学龄前儿童（≥3～7岁）、学龄儿童（≥7～12岁）三组。回顾性分析患儿吸入性变应原随时间的流行变化趋势。结果　2006—2013年间重庆医科大学附属儿童医院AR患儿吸入性变应原特应性阳性率呈现先上升后下降的趋势（二次曲线模型：R 2＝0.836，校正R 2＝0.770；回归模型的ANOVA检验：F＝12.727，P＝0.011），且与气象因素有一定相关性；随着年龄增长，屋尘螨、粉尘螨、热带螨、蟑螂、猫毛、狗毛、艾蒿阳性率总体上呈上升趋势（分别为121.200、123.060 、103.237、104.784、17.042、8.515和11.256；P分别为0.000、0.000、0.000、0.000、0.000、0.014和0.004）。结论　AR患儿吸入性变应原特应性阳性率的变化与该地区的气象因素、年龄有一定相关性，且随着年龄的增长，各变应原阳性率有趋势性。

关键词: 皮肤点刺试验, 过敏性鼻炎, 吸入性变应原, 儿童