Abstract: Pulmonary vascular diseases are one of the hottest fields in the researches on vascular diseases，due to the important role of circulation system in individual survival，growth，and development，and also because lung is the unique organ in human body with both systemic and pulmonary circulations. Along with the development of clinical techniques in all subdisciplines of pediatrics，pulmonary vascular diseases in children have obtained attentions  from more and more researchers. This review focuses on the differences in pulmonary vascular disease spectrum between children and adults，the research direction of pulmonary hypertension in children，the mechanism of pulmonary embolism in children，and the vascular abnormality of chronic lung diseases after preterm，with the aim to display the importance of the researches on pulmonary vascular diseases in children and to launch more systematic researches in this field with the integration of multiple disciplines in future.

Key words: pulmonary vascular disease, child, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary embolism

摘要： 由于循环系统在个体生存和生长发育中的重要地位，以及肺脏是人体惟一具备体循环和肺循环两套系统的器官，肺血管疾病一直以来都是血管疾病研究的热点领域之一。随着儿科各亚专业临床技术的发展，儿童肺血管疾病获得了越来越多的关注。该文从儿童与成人肺血管疾病谱的差异、儿童肺高压的研究方向、儿童肺栓塞的疾病规律和早产后慢性肺疾病中的血管异常这四个方面对儿童肺血管疾病目前的研究进展和关注焦点进行综述，以期能够展示儿童肺血管疾病研究的重要性，在未来能够聚合多学科和多专业的交叉融合，以开展更为系统的研究。

关键词: 肺血管疾病, 儿童, 肺高压, 肺栓塞