Abstract:

Bacteria are also pathogens of pneumonia，especially severe pneumonia. To reduce the impact of pneumonia on children’s health，we must do our best on three aspects protection，prevention and treatment. We should focus on issues such as breastfeeding to ensure children’s nutrition intake. It is also necessary to pay attention to reducing indoor and outdoor air pollution，and vaccinating against Streptococcus pneumoniae，Haemophilus influenzae type b，and pertussis. For children at high risk of infection，there should be a long-term use of antibiotics to prevent bacterial pneumonia. Effective and timely treatment of bacterial pneumonia can prevent the spread of disease and also prevent the secondary infection of other pathogens.

Key words: child, bacterial pneumonia, protection, prevention, vaccine

摘要：

细菌是儿童肺炎、尤其是重症肺炎的重要病原。要减少肺炎对儿童健康的影响，必须做好保护（protect）、预防（prevent）和治疗（treat）3个方面的工作。要关注婴儿母乳喂养等问题，保证儿童营养摄入。要重视减少室内外空气污染；重视肺炎链球菌、b型流感嗜血杆菌和百日咳疫苗的接种。对于有肺炎高危感染风险的儿童，有必要长期使用抗菌药物，积极预防细菌性肺炎。及时有效地治疗细菌性肺炎，可防止疾病传播，也可防止其他病原的继发感染。

关键词: 儿童, 细菌性肺炎, 保护, 预防, 疫苗