Abstract:

Bacterial meningitis refers to the infectious inflammation of meninges and subarachnoid caused by bacterial infection，and the inflammation can also involve the cerebral cortex and other parts of the brain parenchyma. Community-acquired spontaneous bacterial meningitis，known as community-acquired bacterial meningitis，is a major concern of infectious diseases worldwide currently，despite there have been significant advances in the diagnosis and vaccination of community-acquired bacterial meningitis. In this paper，the new edition（2016） of ESCMID guideline：diagnosis and treatment of acute bacterial meningitis was interpreted in detail，including epidemic and epidemiological characteristics of bacterial meningitis，accuracy of diagnosis according to clinical features，how to choose antibiotics and the treatment course，time and methods of dexamethasone treatment，treatment of complications，and follow-up management. This paper aimed at improving the accuracy of diagnostic procedures to guide clinicians to rationalize the  use of drugs to improve the outcome of patients.

Key words: bacterial meningitis, guidelines, child

摘要：

细菌性脑膜炎是指细菌感染所致软脑膜炎症，炎症也可累及到大脑皮质和其他部位脑实质。在社区自发获得者称为社区获得性细菌性脑膜炎，尽管目前在社区获得性细菌性脑膜炎诊断及疫苗接种方面取得了很大进展，但仍是全世界范围内值得关注的重要感染性疾病。文章对2016年新版《欧洲临床微生物和感染病学会（ESCMID）急性细菌性脑膜炎诊治指南》作了详细解读，主要内容包括细菌性脑膜炎流行病学和病原学特点、临床特征对于诊断准确性判断的问题、如何合理选择抗生素及治疗疗程、地塞米松治疗时机和方法、并发症的处理以及随访管理。旨在提高细菌性脑膜炎诊断流程准确性，指导临床医生合理规范用药，最大程度改善患儿预后。

关键词: 细菌性脑膜炎, 指南, 儿童