Abstract:

Assessments and surveillance of cognitive function could bring great benefits to clinical diagnosis and treatment. By reviewing the latest research progresses on cognitive development in children and the underlying neural and genetic mechanisms，this article aims at spreading to clinical staffs the importance of examining the cognitive development in children patients in order to better improve clinical diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Key words: cognitive development, child, neural mechanism, genetics

摘要：

认知功能评估监测对于临床疾病的诊断和治疗有着极大的帮助。文章试图从儿童认知功能发展、神经和遗传机制以及临床应用这几个角度概述研究进展，目的在于向广大临床工作人员推广关注患儿认知功能发育的理念，从而更好地改进临床诊断治疗的策略。

关键词: 认知发展, 儿童, 神经机制, 遗传