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15 December 2014, Volume 7 Issue 12 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Postoperative hemorrhage of tooth extraction caused by systemic factors. WANG Jing-juan，WU Di，DING Yu-xiang，ZHOU Hong-zhi，HU Kai-jin 2014, 7(12): 705-707.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.12.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (966KB) ( )   Abstract：Postoperative hemorrhage of tooth extraction is one of the common complications following the extraction of tooth which makes patients suffer much. Though the hemorrhage caused by systematic factors are rare，they will bring more risks for patients，sometimes even threaten the lives of patients， if our oral and maxillofacial surgeons（OMFS） could not treat it timely. So as OMFS， we should not only concern on local factors， but also know the systematic factors. This paper will introduce the probable systematic factors which may cause postoperative hemorrhage，in order to provide help for clinicians to treat and prevent this complication.

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Causes and prevention of the tooth extraction bleeding. LI Da-lu，WU Di，HU Kai-jin， DING Yu-xiang， ZHOU Hong-zhi 2014, 7(12): 708-711.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.12.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1012KB) ( )   Abstract：Tooth extraction is the most common and basic oral surgery， with which bleeding is a normal complication. Due to the oral cavity's unique anatomical structure and physioloical environment， major hemorrhage can occur if attentions are inadequate during inquiry， operation， and postoperative treatment of preoperative extractions. This may lead to the death of patient. This paper， by introducing the causes and the precautions of tooth extraction hemorrhage resulted from local factors， helps doctors recognise the importance of bleeding and its appropriate handling， making the clinical operation process more standardized and predictable.

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Causes and prevention of infection and subcutaneous emphysema. MA Yang，WU Di，HU Kai-jin，DING Yu-xiang，ZHOU Hong-zhi，HOU Rui 2014, 7(12): 711-714.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.12.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (992KB) ( )   Abstract：Teeth extraction is a common surgical treatment in the Department of Oral Surgery， and some complications may occur in and after surgery， including infection and subcutaneous emphysema，which are two types of postoperative complications. This article states the causes of postoperative infection and subcutaneous emphysema， as well as its clinical manifestations， treatment and prevention measures， offering the help for avoid or reduce the incidence of the complications.

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Causes and prevention of dry socket. SUN Xiang-zhao， WU Di， HU Kai-jin， ZHOU Hong-zhi， DING Yu-xiang 2014, 7(12): 715-717.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.12。004 Abstract ( )   PDF (960KB) ( )   Abstract： Dry socket is a very common type of post-tooth-extraction complication， typically manifested as severe pain. If no proper treatment is taken， the pain will last several days or more， the wound healing time will prolong，and the patients will also get a great suffering. This paper tries to elaborate the causes， risk factors， clinical characteristics and treatment of these complications， in order to provide references for prevention of these complications in or after tooth extraction.

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Effect of PG0839 gene of Porphyromonas gingivalis on IL-1β and IL-6 in liver tissues and serum of mice. LIU Jing-bo*， LIN Li， ZHANG Dong-mei， LI Chen， PAN Ya-ping， GUO Yan 2014, 7(12): 718-720.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.12.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (970KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To discuss the effect of PG0839 of Porphyromonas gingivalis （P.gingivalis） on inflammatory cytokine expression， including interleukin 1β and interleukin 6， in liver tissues and serum of mice. Methods The study was completed in the central laboratory of School of Stomatology， China Medical University from Jun. 2013 to Nov. 2013. Group 1 was challenged with P.gingivalis W83 strain at the doses of 1×109 CFU/ml cells. Group 2 was challenged with PG0839-defective mutant at the same dose. All mice in both groups were challenged with subcutaneous injections of 0.1 mL of bacterial suspension at two sites on the dorsal surface. Control group was challenged with 0.1 mL sterile PBS only. After 5 days， all mice were sacrificed， and the liver and serum were stored. The levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in mice liver tissue and serum were detected using ELISA. Analyze all result data with statistics software SPSS 13.0. Results IL-1β expression in the liver tissue and serum of mice was lower in group 2 than in group 1 （P < 0 05）. Compared with the control group， IL-1β and IL-6 expressions in the liver tissue and serum of mice were significantly increased in group 1 and 2 （P < 0 05）. Conclusion These results suggest that PG0839 may participate in the process of P.gingivalis inducing systemic inflammation in mice.

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Study on the relativity of nuclear γ-H2AX foci number of peripheral blood lymphocytes with acute radiation injury after chemotherapy in patients with head and neck malignancies. MEI Jun*， CHEN Bo，FU Gang 2014, 7(12): 721-725.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.12.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1052KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To study the relativity of nuclear γ-H2AX foci number of peripheral blood lymphocytes with acute radiation injury after chemotherapy in patients with head and neck malignancies. Methods Totally 34 patients with head and neck malignancies were selected in this study. The blood samples were collected and given 1Gy dose of radiation immediately， γ-H2AX foci number of peripheral blood lymphocytes was detected after 3 hours by immunofluorescence. Acute mucositis and dermatitis of patients were observed after receiving radiotherapy. Results In 34 patients，6 cases（17.65%） acute radiation mucositis grade I，19 cases（55.85%）grade Ⅱ， 8 cases（23.53%）grade Ⅲ ，and 1 case （2.92%）grade Ⅳ；9 cases（26.47%） acute radiation dermatitis grade Ⅰ ，12 cases（35.29%）grade Ⅱ ，13 cases（38.24%）grade III.The presence of acute mucositis and dermatitis correlated significantly with γ-H2AX foci detection in peripheral blood lymphocytes（r = 0.815， P < 0.05； r = 0.888， P < 0.05）. Conclusion γ-H2AX foci number of peripheral blood lymphocytes is expected to become a powerful tool to predict radiation-induced mucositis and dermatitis.

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Castability study of domestic pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. LIU Yang， MU Wen-ling， LI Zhen-chun， CHEN Xiao-dong 2014, 7(12): 726-730.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.12.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1525KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To discuss the castability of domestic pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Methods This study was conducted in the Dalian Stomatological Hospital and Dalian University of Technology in 2012 from September to December. Domestic pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy were two treatment groups； imported pure titanium was control group. Eighteen net wax patterns were made for castability value with 20 mm × 20 mm × 0.76 mm， 7×6 grating net， each group was with 6 wax patterns. Six rod patterns were made for SEM with 3.5 mm in diameter， 10 mm in length； each group was with 2 wax patterns. All wax patterns were through investing， roasting， and casting. Casting property of domestic pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy were evaluated on castability value， X-ray， scanning electron microscope and vickers hardness tester. Results The castability value of domestic pure titanium， Ti-6Al-4V alloy and imported pure titanium were different. Imported pure titanium was higher（χ2 = 9.28，P＜0.05）. All the three materials had a bit of pores far from the heart of casting. SEM showed that loosen porous could be seen on the surface topography of them all. SEM analysis displayed impurity element diffusion. Vickers hardness test showed that the hardness of surface was higher than the interior. Conclusion Domestic pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy are different from imported pure titanium in castability value， but all of them complied with the requirements of the clinical use. Internal pore and surface reaction layer are similar to import pureed titanium；both domestic pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy can be applied to clinical use in castability.

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The influence of high glucose circumstance on proliferating cycle of MG63 cell and expression of correlated factors. ZHANG Gui-rong， HONG Yang， WANG Xue 2014, 7(12): 731-735.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.12.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1434KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To detect the influence of high glucose circumstance on expression of correlation factors including TRAIL， OPG and OPGL and proliferating cycle of human osteoblast （MG63） in order to make sure whether high concentration of blood glucose can have relationship with physiological functions of human osteoblasts. Then the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus with chronic periodontitis can be explored which may provide theoretical basis for clinical orthodontic treatment. Methods Firstly， MG63 cells were put into medium of different concentrations （5.5， 8， 11， 20， 30mmol/L） for 24 hours. Then several measurements were carried out；MTT colorimetric measurement was used to detect proliferation；flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle； reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） was used to detect the expression of TRAIL， OPG， OPGL and mRNA. All the data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software. Results Low concentration of glucose had no significant influence on the proliferation of MG63 cells and other biological activity； with the concentration of glucose increasing， the proliferation of MG63 cells was inhibited （the percentage of G1 phase cells increased；the proportion of S phase unchanged；the percentage of G2 phase cells decreased）；with the increase of glucose concentration， expression of TRAIL and OPGL mRNA of MG63 cells showed an increasing trend （P < 0.05）， but OPG showed opposite trend. Conclusion Circumstance of high glucose can inhibit MG63 proliferation and lead to the increasing expression of TRAIL and OPGL and the decreasing expression of OPG of human osteoblast.

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The significance of direct immunofluorescence test in the diagnosis of oral mucosal bullous diseases. LI Yan-jie， PENG Chuan-yang， ZHANG Ying， WANG Xian-fu 2014, 7(12): 736-739.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.12.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1720KB) ( )   Abstract： Objective To investigate the clinical significance of direct immunofluorescence test in the diagnosis of oral mucosal bullous diseases. Methods The DIF features were reviewed in 73 oral mucosa bullous disease patients who were admitted to Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of China Medical University from May 2009 to March 2014. The diagnostic sensitivity of DIF was compared with that of histopathologic examination. Results Pemphigus and pemphigoid showed different DIF features. The diagnostic sensitivity of DIF was 76.7%， which showed no significant difference from that of histopathologic findings （75.3%）（P > 0.05）. Conclusion DIF plays a significant role in the diagnosis of oral mucosal bullous diseases， especially when clinical and histopathological diagnosis is difficult to get the right results.

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A comparative study of the clinical efficacy of rapid and slow expansion with Hyrax for correcting narrow maxilla during late mixed dentition. YE Lu-ping*， CHEN Jing-jing， FENG Xin 2014, 7(12): 740-743.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.12.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1082KB) ( )   Abstract： Objective To evaluate the effect of rapid and slow palatal expansion with Hyrax for correcting narrow maxilla during late mixed dentition. Methods Sixty adolescent patients at late mixed dentition with transverse deficiencies were divided into two groups. They received RME treatment and SME treatment. They received cone beam computerized tomography scans before and after expansion. With three-dimensional reconstruction on Invivo5 software， items were measured including maxillary width at the level of hard palate， buccal dental arch width ， angle of bilateral inclination alveolar ， angle of bilateral inclination teeth，and buccal and lingual bone thickness in maxillary first molar and first premolar. The data was statistically analyzed. Results Oronal - There was no difference in two groups in bone effect and buccal dental arch width. Buccal dental arch width increased after expansion， bone effect in first premolar was more significant than first molar. The alveolar bone reconstruction and teeth tipping were obvious. The alveolar bone reconstructions in slow maxillary expansion group were more obvious than rapid maxillary expansion group， but teeth tipping in rapid maxillary expansion group was more obvious than slow maxillary expansion group. Axial - buccal bone thickness was reduced， lingual bone thickness was increased， but buccal reduction in rapid maxillary expansion group was more than slow maxillary expansion group. Two groups were significantly different. Conclusion Compared with rapid maxillary expansion， slow maxillary expansion meets the physical characteristics with slight force，which is an effective form of arch expansion with little influence on buccal bone thickness at late mixed dentition patients.

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Expression of COX-2 and Survivin in ameloblastoma and its clinical significance. LI Le，ZHANG Xing-le，WANG Peng，LIU Yu 2014, 7(12): 744-746.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.12.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (972KB) ( )   Abstract： Objective To study the expression of cyclooxygenase-2（COX-2）and Survivin in ameloblastoma（AB）tissues and its clinical significance. Methods Detect the expression of COX-2 and Survivin by Western Blot method from 20 cases suffering from AB and 20 cases of normal oral mucosa. Results The expression of COX-2 and Survivin in ameloblastoma tissues was significantly higher than those in normal oral mucosa tissues （P < 0.05）. The high expression of COX-2 was positively correlated with the positive expression of Survivin at the same time（r = 0.778， P < 0.05）.Conclusion COX-2 and Survivin are overexpressed in the AB， and they express slight in the normal oral mucosas. The results suggest that the overexpression of COX-2 and Survivin in human ameloblastoma is closely correlated. COX-2 and Survivin get involved in the occurrence and development of the AB.

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Production of a machinable alumina bulk and the scanning electron microscopic observation of its glass-infiltrated properties. KANG Xiao-yan*， SUN Qiang， AI Hong-jun 2014, 7(12): 747-750.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.12.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1555KB) ( )   Abstract： Objective To explore the feasibility for producing a machinable alumina bulk by means of the two-step calcination together with the properly controlled firing cycle set and thus to provide experimental basis for its clinical application. Methods Ultrafine α-alumina powder was firstly produced by two-step calcination， and machinable porous alumina bulks of pure alumina powder and of mixing powder added with MgO were separately formed through compression molding and temperature-controlled firing. The bulks were then coated with VTIA In-Ceram glass-infiltrated powder was burned to produce glass-infiltrated composites. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction （XRD） examination were adopted to analyze the microstructure and phase composition of the composites. Results The alumina bulk with MgO-added showed a continuous infiltrated porous skeleton by the scanning electron microscopy. The infiltrated composite was compact ceramic complex. XRD indicated the major crystal phase wasα-alumina. Conclusion Ultrafine grain-sized alumina powder can be made from ammonium aluminum sulfate and infiltrated porous alumina bulk can be produced with the properly controlled firing cycle set. The process is simple and low-cost. The product with further improvement can be expected for clinical application.

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Keywords：casting castable ceramic；inlay；restoration 2014, 7(12): 751-752.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.12.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (896KB) ( )

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Pulp canal obliteration following dental trauma. LI Chang， BAO Zhi-fan， CHEN Xu 2014, 7(12): 753-756.  Abstract ( )   PDF (958KB) ( )   Abstract： Pulp canal obliteration （PCO） is one of the common complications after dental trauma， usually occurring in adolescents， more commonly in immature teeth. The exact mechanism of PCO is not fully understood， which may be an outcome of revascularization and/or reinnervation of the impaired pulp after trauma. And it also may be attributable to the trauma itself or to the changes in pulpal blood flow after repositioning and splinting of the traumatized teeth. As to the teeth with PCO following dental trauma， some scholars believe that root canal therapy is necessary to avoid apical periodontitis or for esthetic restoration. However， most scholars consider that long-term follow-up is still strongly recommended. Root canal therapy of the involved tooth should be performed only if the pulp tissue becomes necrotic or if apical periodontitis develops. Moreover， root canal therapy is a challenge for the teeth with PCO， which is technically complicated. In a word， periodic follow-up and close observation of traumatized teeth are necessary to timely detect the occurrence of PCO.

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Research progress of the silk fibroin- chitosan scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. TONG Shuang, WANG Xu-kai 2014, 7(12): 757-761.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.12.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (984KB) ( )   Abstract： With the rapid development of the bone tissue engineering, it has become the key to seek suitable scaffolds for cell transplantation and guide the growth of new bone to act as substitutes of the extracellular matrix. At present, the domestic and foreign scholars have used biological composite material technology to make ideal scaffold materials. They have tried to show respective virtues of composite materials through adjusting the ratio and corresponding combination ways. This paper reviewed fibroin and chitosan, and the structure and properties of silk fibroin-chitosan composite biomaterial and its application in bone tissue engineering.

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The history and development of chairside CAD/CAM restoration system. LIU Xin-ran*，GUO Hang，LIU Feng 2014, 7(12): 762-766.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.12.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (966KB) ( )   Abstract： The trend of CAD/CAM restoration based on computer aided design and manufacture technology is now getting obvious. Fabrication through CAD/CAM technology of a variety of dental restoration has become a reality. Chairside CAD/CAM restoration system offers a fast-speed， highly efficient clinical solution to the dental practitioners， which enables the completion of the restorative treatment within one visit. It has been approximately 30 years since the invention of chairside CAD/CAM restoration system. In this review， the history， evolution， current situation and future of chairside CAD/CAM restoration system are summarized and discussed.

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Keywords：root canal treatment failure；post-treatment endodontic disease 2014, 7(12): 767-768.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.12.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1405KB) ( )