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15 January 2014, Volume 7 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Nickel-titanium instruments for root canal preparation. GE Jiu-yu 2014, 7(1): 2-9.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1201KB) ( )   Abstract：Compared with stainless instrument，NiTi rotary instrument is widely used in clinic for its excellent superelasticity and shape memory effect. However，the risk of NiTi instrument separation is a concern，which may result in an unfavorable prognosis. To improve safety，novel NiTi rotary instruments are emerging. The purpose of this review is to summarize current understanding of the geometric shapes，forms of motion，physical properties and multiple systems of NiTi rotary instruments.

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Root canal irrigation. WANG Qian，LI Shu-hua 2014, 7(1): 10-13.  Abstract ( )   PDF (938KB) ( )   Abstract：Successful root canal therapy relies on the combination of proper instrumentation，irrigation，and obturation of the root canal. Irrigation is the most important determinant in the healing of the periapical tissues. The goal of the root canal irrigation is thorough chemomechanical debridement of pulpal tissue，dentin debris，and infective microorganisms. And proper irrigation can prevent apical extrusion of infected debris into the periradicular tissue. The achievements depend on the irrigants and the technique used. In this review of the literature，various irrigants and techniques are discussed.

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Obturation of root canal systems：clinical tips and evaluation. YANG Jun，FAN Ming-wen 2014, 7(1): 14-18.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1281KB) ( )   Abstract：The methods of filling root canal just are technology，not science. Although its clinical procedures have property of diversity and mobility，its technique development are based on scientific theory. In order to improve the quality of treatment，the clinicians should grasp the essential principle，clinical tips and evaluation of all kinds of filling techniques，and they should also review the clinical trials and evidence-based medicine about the root canal obturation，which could provide current information and strategies for management in the practice.

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Restoration of endodontically treated teeth. ZHAN Fu-liang 2014, 7(1): 19-23.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1555KB) ( )   Abstract：Restoring endodontically treated teeth and retaining them throughout life remains a challenge. Several factors play a key role in the longterm survival of endodontically treated teeth and associated restorations. The purpose of this article is to identify the key principles that affect tooth and restoration survival. The other issues，including post and core design，post access preparation and lutings，are discussed.

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Ridge augmentation of the atrophic anterior maxilla with titanium mesh and a combination of allograft and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein for implant placement. Bing-Yan Wang*，Robin Weltman，Jared Abramian，Chen Li，Ya-ping Pan 2014, 7(1): 24-27.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1968KB) ( )   Abstract：The atrophic alveolar ridge presents challenges for dental implant placement. Ridge augmentation prior to implant placement is thereby routinely carried out to increase the volume of bone. In the maxillary anterior area，successful ridge augmentation is related not only to future implant survival but also to the esthetic outcome. This report describes the treatment for a partially edentulous patient with a bucco-lingual bony deficiency with titanium mesh and a combination of particulate allogeneic bone graft and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein（rhBMP）. Bone volume was increased and implants were placed 8 months after the ridge augmentation. The second stage surgery and temporary restoration were performed 4 months after the implant placement and the final prosthesis was cemented 4 months later. The implants have been followed for 2 years.

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Effect of different polishing methods on the ion release of Co-Cr dental alloy. TONG Xin-wen*，ZHENG Ming，CHENG Hui，YANG Song，XU Cai-ming 2014, 7(1): 28-31.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1097KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To evaluate the effect of different polishing methods on ion element release of cobalt-chromium dental alloys. Methods Thirty cobalt-chromium dental alloys specimen were prepared and randomly divided into five groups，with six specimen in each group. The polishing methods were as follows：abrasive paper polishing，mirror polishing，rubber wheel polishing，electrolytic polishing and chemical polishing. An static immersion method was used in testing the ion release of Co，Cr of specimens. The surface roughness before immersion was tested and scanning electron microscope （SEM）was used to confirm the surface change of test specimens. Results Specimens polished by chemical got the roughest surface（P < 0.05）. The amount release of Co，Cr and the summation of five groups had significant difference（P < 0.05）. SEM results showed that the corrosive marks on the surface of specimens polished by abrasive paper，rubber wheel，electrolytic and chemical were very evident. There were not corrosive marks on the surface of mirror polishing group. Conclusion The mirror polishing may provide the smoothest surface and the best anti-corrosion performance for cobalt-chromium dental alloys，while chemical polishing does not make the surface of specimens smooth enough and then the specimens are more vulnerably corroded relatively.

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Study on apical sealing ability of iRoot SP root canal sealer with single-cone obtruation technique. XUE Ming*，WANG Fen，WU Jin-ming，QIU Ning 2014, 7(1): 32-35.  Abstract ( )   PDF (932KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To evaluate the apical sealing ability of iRoot SP root canal sealer with single-cone obtruation technique. Methods Fifty recently extracted human anterior teeth with a single canal were divided randomly into two experiment groups（twenty teeth in each group），and positive and negative control group（five teeth in each group）. The root canals were instrumented using ProTaper file to F2，and were obturated with iRoot SP with single-cone obtruation technique（group A），AH plus with single-cone obtruation technique（group B）. The apical microleakage was evaluated by dye penetration method. Linear dye penetration was measured and analyzed by means of SPSS13.0 software package. Results Mean depth of leakage for groups with the smear layer inact was （1.62 ± 0.20）mm for group A，（1.80 ± 0.20）mm for group B，（10.75 ± 1.28）mm for positive control group，and 0 mm for negative group. The value of the experimental group B was greater than group A，but there was no significant difference between two groups. Conclusion iRoot SP shows similar in vitro apical sealing ability to AH plus. The clinical application is promising.

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Evaluation and analysis of oral fixed restoration model in general hospitals in Beijing. ZHENG Yu-tong*，WANG Xin-zhi，ZHANG Zhen-ting，SU Jing，ZHENG Dong-xiang 2014, 7(1): 36-39.  Abstract ( )   PDF (907KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To evaluate the prosthodontic treatment quality of departments of stomatology in large general hospitals in Beijing area. Methods During the investigation，a method of Total Quality Management（TQM）was used by experts from Beijing Municipal Center for Quality Control Improvement on Dental Health Care and fixed prosthodontic procedures were divided into several parts in order to establish the standards for basic quality evaluation of them. Based on quantitative data obtained from the investigation of 46 departments of stomatology in large general hospitals，the Center collected and analyzed the problems of the models，and provided suggestions for improvement to each corresponding institute tested. Results The investigation showed that 46 departments of stomatology in large general hospitals tested reached the qualified standard as the above. Conclusion The investigation not only plays a positive role in improvement of Beijing oral health care and quality control，but also provides valuable experience in exploring the management of quality control on dental treatment.

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Clinical treatment efficiency of Bioquick self-ligating brackets for the non-extraction patients with moderate crowding arch. JIANG Xiao-hong，ZHANG Gui-rong，LIU Ji-hui，WU Liu-zhong，ZHU He 2014, 7(1): 40-43.  Abstract ( )   PDF (985KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To evaluate the clinical treatment efficiency of Bioquick self-ligating appliance for the non-extraction patients with moderate crowding arch. Methods Twenty-eight non-extraction patients with moderate crowding arch were enrolled in this study. All of these patients were randomly divided into two groups. Fourteen patients from the Bioquick group were treated with Bioquick self-ligating brackets and lip muscles training. Fourteen patients from the MBT group were treated with MBT brackets and face-bow respectively. The cephalometric films were taken and measured immediately before and after treatment. The number of visits and the time of ligation and deligation were recorded and compared. Results The U6S-Y distance and the U6-PP angle of each group were decreased．The difference was statistically significant（P < 0.05）. In the same way，the difference of U6S-Y distance and the U6-PP angle between the measured values before and after was remarkably significant between two groups（P < 0.05）. The arch wire replacement time of Bioquick group was（49.72 ± 10.34）s，and the junction ligation time of MBT group was（238.5 ± 25.29）s，the difference being statistically significant（P < 0.05）. Conclusion For the non-extraction patients with moderate crowding arch，the Bioquick self-ligating bracket systems with lip muscles training can not achieve the same effect of extraoral anchorage，but it can control the degree of anterior teeth obliquity and surface better.

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The investigation into the oral health behaviors and treatment condition of rural residents in Xintai city. GAO Nan，WANG Zhi-feng，LI Chuan-hua，GUO Mei-hua，LAN Jing 2014, 7(1): 44-47.  Abstract ( )   PDF (926KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To provide objective guidance information of targeted oral health education in local area by attaining the information of oral health behaviors and treatment condition in Xintai rural residents. Methods We designed questionnaire according to the third country oral health epidemiology questionnaire investigation plan，and did questionnaire survey in Xintai rural residents of all ages in October 2012，then analyzed data by SPSS statistical software. Results The rate of rural residents who brushed teeth twice and more every day was 27.42%. The rate of more than 3 minutes in every brush was 20.33%. The rate of toothbrush replacement time less than 3 months was 30.95%. The rate of the phenomenon of sharing mouthwashes with others occasionally or frequently was 12.09%. The rate of residents who never cleared their oral cavity was 26.37%. The rate of restored dentition defect was 34.45%. The choices of residents on provincial hospitals or municipal hospitals，country hospitals，township hospitals or private practice，and itinerant doctors accounted for 28.57%，35.71%，34.35% and 1.37% respectively. Conclusion The condition of oral health behaviors is serious，oral health knowledge awareness is low，and treatment rate is low，so the present situation is in urgent need to be improved.

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Biological characteristics of embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells in vitro in BALB/c inbred mice. BAI Xue-peng，NAN Xin-rong 2014, 7(1): 48-50.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1255KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To study a culture model of embryonic palatal mesenchymal（EPM）cells in BALB/c inbred mice and discuss the biological characteristics of the EPM cells in vitro. Methods The experiment was made in the Institute of Medical Parasitology，Shanxi Medical University，from November 2012 to July 2013. The mice EPM cells were harvested from a female with day 15 of gestation by dissection and sequential digestion with 0.25% trypsin. The isolated cells were cultured in DMEM/F-12 medium and identified by immunohistochemical method. The cells were checked by immunohistochemistry for in vitro proliferation. Results EPM cells were fibroblast-like cells with single swirling arrangement，and they were disordered with large nuclei and much mitotic. Immunohistochemistry results showed negative for cytokeratin markers，vimentin labeled as positive. EPM cells showed exponential growth，a strong proliferation. Conclusion The culture model of EPM cells of BALB/c mice is successfully created in vitro and EPM cells in this culture system can keep their basic biological features.

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Keywords：chronic periodontitis；gengigel；subgingival curettage 2014, 7(1): 51-52.  Abstract ( )

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Advancement of the study about influence of bone mineral density on implant survival. HE Jing，ZHAO Bao-hong 2014, 7(1): 53-58.  Abstract ( )   PDF (975KB) ( )   Abstract：Bone mineral density is one of the most critical impact factors in successful implantation，mainly affecting implant long-term survival rate by acting on implant primary stability and the process of osseointegration. Individual technical means should be adopted for different bone mineral density sites clinically. The present review focuses on the recent foreign literatures about influence of bone mineral density on implant survival in order to provide useful information to clinical work and scientific research.

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Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 and its relationship with periodontitis. *KONG Ling-xue，WU Leng，CHEN Shan-shan，ZHAO Lei 2014, 7(1): 59-64.  Abstract ( )   PDF (976KB) ( )   Abstract：Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1（TREM-1）is a transmembrane receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily expressed on a variety of innate cells of the myeloid lineage including monocytes and macrophages. Several studies have shown that TREM-1 plays an important role in triggering and amplifying the inflammatory response of infectious diseases. Periodontitis is an infectious disease caused by the plaque biofilm. TREM-1 may play an important role in the development of periodontitis. Here，we review the recent research progress of TREM-1 and its relationship with periodontitis.