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15 May 2013, Volume 6 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Risk and treatment strategy of temporomandibular disorders during orthodontic treatment DING Yin 2013, 6(5): 257-260.  Abstract ( )   PDF (3491KB) ( )   Abstract：Temporomandibular disorders （TMD） is a complex syndrome correlated with morphology of TMJ，occlusion，oral-facial muscle function and mentality. Closed deep bite， unilateral cross bite，over extrusion and tipping of molars，deviation of the mandible related to occlusal interference are the risk factors related to TMD. No significant evidence indicated that there was close relationship between the orthodontic treatment and TMD. However，the error in orthodontic treatment may also results in TMD. Good alignment of teeth，normal over bite and over jet，central occlusion consistent to central relation，and the balance of mandibular anterior-posterior and lateral movement are needed to the health of TMJ. This article discusses the malocclusion and TMD，the risk of TMD and its treatment strategy during orthodontic treatment.

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Occlusion equilibration before completion of the dental orthodontic treatment WANG Mei-qing，QI Kun，XU Yi-fei 2013, 6(5): 261-264.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1622KB) ( )   Abstract：It is a great conflict whether it is necessary to perform occlusal equilibration before completion of orthodontic treatment. One of the reasons for this conflict is lacking of the agreement on the concept of normal occlusion， and in turn there is no clarification of the therapy target of occlusal equilibration. Based on the author’s clinical experience，in the present review， the necessity and the indications，opportunities， and matters needing attentions of occlusal equilibration before completion of the orthodontic treatment are described.

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Effect of functional occlusion in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment FENG Xue 2013, 6(5): 264-269.  Abstract ( )   PDF (3823KB) ( )   Abstract：Only static six keys are focused on in orthodontic treatment，while functional occlusion has been neglected for decades. In this article，the definition of functional occlusion and its application in the diagnosis in orthodontic treatment were introduced.

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Clinical features of lingual orthodontics LIANG Wei，LIN Jiu-xiang 2013, 6(5): 270-274.  Abstract ( )   PDF (3907KB) ( )   Abstract：Lingual orthodontics has been developed rapidly and well-recognized in recent years because of the developing of the adult needs for orthodontic treatment. Lingual orthodontics is a completely “invisible technique”，and it has some advantages on biomechanics. However， compared with labial orthodontics，it also has a number of differences in clinic. This article mainly discussed the clinical features of lingual orthodontics，including the background，indications， indirect bonding，lingual brackets，archwires，the techniques of space closing，etc. It also showed a typical case of lingual orthodontics.

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Quantitative analysis of alveolar bone level using AutoCAD software on panoramic and intra-oral radiographs LAN Xiao-min， REN Xiu-yun，QIAO Yue-e 2013, 6(5): 275-277.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1016KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To assess the agreement between I-Os and OPGs for direct measurements of the area between the cemento-enamel junction （CEJ） and the alveolar bone level （BL） as well as the proportional values in relation to the area from the CEJ to the root apex （RA） using AutoCAD software program. Methods I-Os and OPGs were studied in 53 pairs of cases who had I-Os and OPGs at the same time. The images were measured using AutoCAD software program. The area （S1） from the cemento-enamel junction （CEJ） to the alveolar bone level （BL） and the area （S2） from the CEJ to the root apex （RA） were directly measured between intra-oral radiographs and the same patient's panoramic on the same tooth position. The alveolar bone level was evaluated using the ratio of the area （S1） and the area （S2） was analyzed.The area ratios（S1/S2） of I-Os and OPGs were analyzed. Results There was high correlative consistency on the area ratios of the alveolar bone loss between intra-oral radiographs and the same tooth position's panoramic radiographs. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0.982 （P < 0.001），paired T test results suggested that： the difference of the area ratios was not statistically significant between them（t = 1.292，P = 0.202 > 0.05）. Conclusion On I-O and OPG radiograph the area ratios of the alveolar bone loss are in great agreement. It is relatively convenient to measure the area ratios of the alveolar bone loss in the panoramic radiographs using AutoCAD. Hence for periodontal assessments，OPG radiographic readings may，at least in part，can substitute for full-mouth panoramic radiographic evaluation.

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Clinical effectiveness of crown lengthening surgery on the fixed prosthesis of maxillary anterior residual root XU Yan，YUAN Ping，HUANG Wan-yuan，CHENG Nan，LU Jing-jing，WANG Jing，ZHENG Gui-ting，ZHAO Xuan，DONG Yao，WANG Yang. Stomatologic Hospital & College，Anhui Medical University，Key Lab 2013, 6(5): 278-281.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1400KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of crown lengthening surgery on the repair of maxillary anterior residual root. Methods A total of 11 patients （15 residual subgingival roots） were treated with surgical crown lengthening，then repaired with post-core crown after 6 weeks. Evaluate the effect according to the state of periodontium health， biological width， crowns match with soft tissue and the patients' satisfaction after 12 months. Results All of the total 15 roots were exposed to supragingiva 1.5~2.0mm. After one year of fixed prosthesis， the restoration teeth were kept biological width with stable healthy periodontium，the gingival margin was in the right position and the crowns were coordinated with soft tissue in sealed edge. Meanwhile the patients were satisfied with the fixed prosthesis effects. Conclusion Crown lengthening surgery is an effective method to reserve anterior residual roots， contribute to the esthetic restoration and expand indications of the post-core crown.

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Curative effect observation of buccal soft tissue defects with heterogeneous and allogeneic acellular dermal matrix JIN Xin，ZHOU Jian 2013, 6(5): 282-285.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1753KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To observe the curative effect of acellular dermal matrix（heterogeneous acellular dermal matrix and allogeneic acellular dermal matrix ）in repairing the defect of buccal soft tissue. Methods Choose 38 cases of buccal soft tissue defect patients who visited the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Medical University of Anhui. Twenty patients received heterogeneous acellular dermal matrix for treatment，and 18 patients were treated with allogeneic acellular dermal matrix. Patients were followed up for 6 months and the therapeutic effect of defect repair was observed. Evaluate two kinds of ADM in histocompatibility，guided tissue regeneration，and patch survival situation. Result Application of heterogeneous acellular dermal matrix survived in 18 cases，the majority survived in 2 cases，the repair area surface color pink，soft texture，slight scar，application of allogeneic acellular dermal matrix survived in 17 cases. In one patient the patch was about 0.8 cm away from the edge of the wound edge，fit with base organizations face，red color，healing fair. None of the 38 patients had significant local or systemic reaction，eating essentially unaffected and no obvious foreign body feeling；mouth opening did not change significantly. Conclusion Heterogeneous acellular dermal matrix and allogeneic acellular dermal matrix can be used to repair buccal soft tissue defect with satisfactory results.

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Influence of Er∶YAG laser irriadiation of different time on dentin adhesive strength WANG Wei*，ZHAO Bin 2013, 6(5): 285-288.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1306KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To investigate different Er∶YAG laser irradiation time to analyze relation of the laser irradiation time to the adhesive strength of regular dentin. Optimal irradiation time for the highest dentin adhesive strength is obtained， which will significantly improve the crown life span. Methods Sixty pieces of premolars in 15 to 30-year-old patients were collected from May 2012 to October 2012. These teeth were full ripe， no restoration or fold crack. Then， they were randomly divided into six groups which were A， B， C， D， E and F， each group having 10 pieces. They were given the Er∶YAG laser irradiation from 0 to 5 seconds， bonded with resin；adhesive strength was tested and scanning electron microscope was used. Results The resin bond strength of group（B～F） after Er∶YAG laser irradiation was significantly greater than the blank space group（A）. The adhesive strength steadily increasedfrom group B to D，with group D as the highest. However， adhesive strength of group E and F decreased with the irradiation time prolonged. Conclusion The optimal irradiation time of regular dentin under Er∶YAG laser irradiation is 3 to 4 seconds.

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An in vitro investigation of the influence of filler volume upon flexural strength and compressive strength of flowable composite CHU Xiao-yu*，XIE Yao，SUN Zhi-hui，LIU Feng，WANG Shi-ming 2013, 6(5): 289-291.  Abstract ( )   PDF (883KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To evaluate the influence of filler volume upon the flexural strength and compressive strength of flowable composites. Methods The tested products were Clearfil Flow，Filtek Flow，DenFil Flow and Filtek Z250. Flexural strength and compressive strength of resins were calculated and filler percentages of resins were calculated after the latter was incinerated at 700 degrees C. Result When the filler percentages of resins increased，the hardness of resins increased too. The weight percentage of fillers of flowable composites was as follows：Clearfil Flow： 76.50，Filtek Flow：60.90，DenFil Flow：58.86. Compared with traditional flowable composite，the flexural strength of flowable composite with more filler increased significantly. Clearfil Flow：（103.73±14.53）MPa，Filtek Flow：（85.72±14.23）MPa，DenFil Flow（67.23±11.45）MPa. The compressive strength of flowable composite with more fillers approached to traditional flowable composite and universal composite without significantly difference. Conclusion The flexural strength of flowable composite with more filler increases significantly compared with traditional flowable；the compressive strength approaches to traditional flowable composite and universal composite.

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Clinical application of zirconium dioxide inlay to the type Ⅱ cavity of posterior teeth LI Jing，HONG Yan-song，AI Hong-jun 2013, 6(5): 292-294.  Abstract ( )   PDF (854KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of two zirconium dioxide inlays on the prosthesis of posterior teeth. Methods A total of 108 inlays made of zirconium dioxide were used in type Ⅱ cavity of posterior teeth from 2010 to 2011，including 61 polygon surface inlays and 47 onlays； Kruskal-Walls rank sum test was used to evaluate the appearance，edgefitness，color，recurrent caries，abrasion，and fracture of the inlays after application for 12 months. Results The two types of inlays had no significant changes after 12 months. There was only one onlay dropped，but both the inlay and tooth were in good condition. Then it was disinfected，re-cemented，and subsequently used well. The other 107 restorations in follow-up period were not found to fall off， no C-level prosthesis evaluation of projects. Conclusion Zirconia inlays are very good restorations for the missing teeth.

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Expression and significance of ornithine decarboxylase in oral leukoplakia PU Guang-rui*，LI Song-yan，ZHANG Hong 2013, 6(5): 295-298.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1170KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To study the relationshiop of ODC with the OLK occurrence，its development and even the canceration potential. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the expression of 22 patients with OLK and compare with that of 11 cases of normal oral mucosa，22 cases of oral lichen planus and 22 cases of squamous cell carcinoma. Results The expression of ODC increased in turn from normal oral mucosa to OLP，oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. ODC was higher than the normal oral cavity mucous membrane in the oral lichen planus masculine expression，but did not have statistic difference （P > 0.05）；the positive rate of ODC in oral leukoplakia had statistic difference compared with the normal mucosa and lichen planus （P < 0.05）. The expression of ODC in squamous cell carcinoma was significantly higher than the other three groups （P < 0.05）. Conclusion Expression level of ODC can be used to judge oral leukoplakia canceration tendency and the malignancy degree of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

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Progress of application of platelet-rich fibrin to periodontal bone grafting LV Xin-xin，PAN Ya-ping 2013, 6(5): 303-305.  Abstract ( )   PDF (868KB) ( )   Abstract：Platelet-rich fibrin（PRF）is the product of the centrifugation of autologous blood，which can produce large amounts of growth factor. PRF provides location with migration，proliferation，and differentiation for rhagiocrine cell， which is conducive to regeneration and reconstruction of tissue. Recently，many researchers use PRF in bone grafting，which shows good results. This article reviewed PRF and its application in periodontal.

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Research advances of chitosan in bone tissue engineering SONG Xue-lian，YU Jing-tao，LIU Yang，SUN Ying-ying 2013, 6(5): 306-310.  Abstract ( )   PDF (908KB) ( )   Abstract：Chitosan is the main derivative of chitin. It has been widely used in the field of biomedicine for its excellent features，such as good biocompatibility，biodegradability， antibacterial properties and so on，so chitosan can promote proliferation and expression of the osteoblasts as well as bone defect repairing. In recent years，many investigators dedicate to exploring the development and application of chitosan in bone tissue engineering in order to make the best use of its advantages. With the thorough research，the application of chitosan is becoming more and more popular. In the present paper，we reviewed the research of chitosan in the bone formation.

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Animal models of tongue cancer LIU Yang，ZHAN De-song 2013, 6(5): 311-316.  Abstract ( )   PDF (937KB) ( )   Abstract：Tongue cancer is the most common malignancy of oral cancer，and its 5-year survival rate has been stagnated in 50％ for decades due to lack of early specific biomarkers，metastasis or recurrence. Animal models play an important role in studying human disease，and research in mechanism of tongue carcinogenesis and prevention may be promoted by animal models of tongue cancer. This article summarized the methods，principle and major application fields of several animal models of tongue cancer，then their relative merits analyzed.

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Keywords：deep overjet； deep overbite； treatment 矫治过程如下。首先粘接上颌直丝弓矫治器，双侧上颌第一磨牙粘接带环。上颌更换0.30 mm×0.41 mm（0.012英寸×0.016英寸）NiTi弓丝、0.41 mm×0.56 mm（0.016英寸×0 2013, 6(5): 319-320.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1504KB) ( )