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15 October 2012, Volume 5 Issue 10 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Public health practices in caries prevention in China TAI Bao-jun. 2012, 5(10): 577-579.  Abstract ( )   Caries is a wide spread oral disease in children and adults in China. Public health plays an important role in preventing dental caries to a large extent. In recent years，the Ministry of Health and the Chinese Stomatological Association conducted a series of oral public health programs in China，including： monitoring children's oral health status and risk factors，comprehensive interventions in preschool children with deciduous caries， strengthening children's oral disease prevention programme in school children，national “love Teeth Day”theme activities，exploring oral health education mode，etc. The launching of these projects will effectively promote the oral health status and behaviors of Chinese population.

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Topical fluoride therapy for caries ZHANG Ying. 2012, 5(10): 580-582.  Abstract ( )   Fluoride is one of the possible essential trace elements in human body. Optimal fluoride level is benefit to the teeth and bone. Fluoride can also reduce dental decay by three mechanisms：reducing the solubility of tooth enamel in acid to make it more resistant to decay，remineralizing the tooth enamel that has been demineralized by acids produced and reducing acid production by dental plaque organisms. In China，use of fluoride includes systemic use and topical use. Topical fluoride application is frequently used in dental clinic and prevention programmes in communities，and it is one of safe and effective methods for caries prevention.

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Pit and fissure sealant for caries prevention SI Yan，ZHENG Shu-guo. 2012, 5(10): 582-587.  Abstract ( )   Pit and fissure sealant has been proved to be an effective method for caries prevention which is without pain，harm or damage to teeth. The procedures of pit and fissure sealant are as follows：cleaning，etching，washing and drying，sealant painting，solidification and inspection. The efficiency of caries prevention by pit and fissure sealant is associated with the retention of sealant，which is related to the clinical procedures，sealant materials and the techniques.

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Effects and application of oral probiotics on dental caries prevention WANG Sheng-chao，XU Hao-kun. 2012, 5(10): 587-591.  Abstract ( )   More than 700 species of human oral bacteria have been found. Many of them belong to probiotics. Oral probiotics have been found to be able to compete with pathogenic microorganisms for adhesion sites，to antagonize these pathogens or to possibly modulate the host’s immune response. Evidences to date suggest that oral probiotics could be useful in preventing and treating oral infections，including dental caries，periodontal disease. Here we summarize the currently available data on the potential benefits of probiotics for denal caries prevention，as well as on the appliation of oral probiotics.

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Vaccine against dental caries XU Qing-an. 2012, 5(10): 591-594.  Abstract ( )   Dental caries remain one of the most common infectious diseases in mankind and seriously threaten the oral health of populations. Mutans streptococci，mainly Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus，have been recognized as the most important cariogenic microorganisms. Animal experiments and clinical trials have demonstrated that immunological interventions against colonization of mutans streptococci in oral cavity can influence the pathogenesis of dental caries，and anti-caries vaccines may become a new way to fight against dental caries in the future.

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Present situation and problems of oral disease prevention and treatment in China LI Gang*，SUN Yi-qun，HAO Yuan-yuan. 2012, 5(10): 595-599.  Abstract ( )   This paper introduced the situation of oral disease prevention and treatment in the world，analyzed present situation of oral disease prevention and treatment in China，and showed what was in lack in China.

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Cytotoxicity of dental ceramic alloys on L929 mouse fibroblasts：an in vitro study  JIANG Lei*，LIN Hong-lei，ZHANG Chang-yuan，ZHENG Ming，LIN Dong-hong，CHENG Hui. 2012, 5(10): 600-603.  Abstract ( )   Objective    To evaluate the cytotoxicity of Au-Pt，Ni-Cr，CP Ti，Co-Cr and Pd-based ceramic alloys on L929 mouse fibroblasts in vitro. Methods    According to the ISO 10993，L929 mouse fibroblasts were cultured with elute of the ceramic alloys. Optical density（OD）was analyzed with cell counting kit-8（CCK-8）assay on day 1，3，5 and 7. The morphology of L929 was evaluated. Cellular relative growth rate（RGR）was calculated to evaluate the cytotoxicity. Results    On day 7，OD values in all test groups，except for Au-Pt group，were significantly lower than the negative controls（P < 0.05）. The RGR values were ranked as follows：Au-Pt（98.4%），Pd-based（95.2%），CP Ti（83.0%），Ni-Cr（74.0%）and Co-Cr（72.6%）. The cells of Au-Pt，CP Ti and Pd-based group had no significant morphological difference compared to the negative controls. The cells of Ni-Cr group and Co-Cr group were sparsely arranged，which were a bit shrunk compared to the negative controls. Conclusion    Cytotoxicity level grade 1 is found in Au-Pt，CP Ti and Pd-based ceramic alloys，which is considered to have good biocompatibility. Cytotoxicity level grade 2 is found in Co-Cr and Ni-Cr ceramic alloys. Combined with the results of cell morphology observation，Co-Cr and Ni-Cr ceramic alloys are considered qualified for clinical usage as for biocompatibility.

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Investigation into dental health epidemidogy in children aged 3 years in Shenyang ZHANG Kai-qiang*，ZHANG Ying，ZHANG Si-yu，ZHANG Yang，MA Lin，GU He-feng，PAN Xiao-zhong. 2012, 5(10): 604-607.  Abstract ( )   Objective    To learn about the oral health behavior and oral health condition in 3-year old children in Shenyang，so as to make caries prevention measures. Methods    A total of 473 3-year-old children were randomly chosen from the 10 kindergartens in Tiexi District，Shenyang. Dental caries was scored by surface in accordance with WHO criteria. Results    The caries prevalence was 49.9% and 　　DMFS was 3.53. The maxillary central incisor was most likely to be affected. Logistic regression analysis showed that if the children prolonged use the feeding bottle and parents helped their children brush tooth the rate of dental caries can be effectively reduced. Conclusion    The Tiexi 3-year-old children suffer from a higher rate of dental caries but lower rate of filling. It is essential to strengthen oral health education and promotion，and continuously implement preventive oral care technique to reduce the incidence of oral diseases in children.

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Effects of silver-palladium alloy porcelain crown in different shoulder design on the periodontal tissue of the restored teeth LI Hong-yang*，ZHONG Li-fang，LIU Bing，CAI Hong-dan. 2012, 5(10): 608-612.  Abstract ( )   Objective    To evaluate the influence of silver-palladium alloy as the materials of inner crown in subgingival and subgingival shoudler design on periodontal tissue after repairing. Methods    A total of 83 clinical diseased teeth were chosen in this study. Totally 39 teeth were repaired with silver-palladium alloy porcelain crown in subgingival shoulder design，and the other 44 were repaired with silver-palladium alloy porcelain crown in supergingival shoulder design. Follow-up visits were performed at 6 months and 12 months after operation. The changes of periodontal sulcus bleeding index and weight of gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） were observed. IL-1β，TNF and the positive rates of Pg，Aa，Tf，Fn and Pi by PCR in GCF were detected. Results    In the silver-palladium alloy porcelain crown group in subgingival shoulder design，there were significant differences in periodontal sulcus bleeding index and the weight of GCF between pre- and the 12th month post-restoration（P < 0.05），while there was no significant difference in IL-1β，TNF and the positive rates of Pg，Aa，Tf，Fn and Pi by PCR in GCF between pre- and the 12th month post-restoration（P > 0.05）. In the silver-palladium alloy porcelain crown group in supergingival shoulder design.，there was no significant difference in periodontal sulcus bleeding index，the weight of GCF，IL-1β，TNF and the positive rates of Pg，Aa，Tf，Fn and Pi by PCR in GCF between pre- and 12th post-restoration（P > 0.05）. Conclusion    Silver-palladium alloy is an ideal substrate material of porcelain fused to metal crown. The silver-palladium alloy porcelain crown in subgingival shoudler may have an potential adverse effect on periodontal tissue to a certain degree compared with that in supergingival shoulder design.

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Detection of Fusobacterium nucleatum in the gingival crevicular fluid of orthodontic patients YANG Gang-ling*， GUO Yang，ZHANG Jian-gang，ZHANG Yu-jie，XIAO Shui-qing. 2012, 5(10): 613-616.  Abstract ( )   Objective    To explore the correlation between the Fusobacterium nucleatum（Fn） and inflammatory reaction of gum in the process of orthodontic treatment；to analyse the role of Fn in the development of gingivitis during orthodontic treatment. Methods    Totally 128 patients were randomly chosen from the orthodontic and oral medicine departments in Jinan Stomatological Hospital，separatively，constituting orthodontic group（A），normal control group（B）and periodontitis group（C）. A variety of clinical indicators were recorded and the gingival crevicular fluid（GCF）was collected from the deepest periodontal pocket. 16S rDNA PCR technique was used to detect Fn. The relationship between detection rate and clinical indicators was analyzed. Results    Eighty-seven cases showed Fn positive，of which 44 （69.84%） were from group A，14（46.67%）from group B and 29（82.85%） from group C. The higher detection rate was noticed in the orthodontic group in comparison with the control group，while the periodontitis group showed highest detection rate. Thus the significant variance was displayed among them（χ2 = 9.843，P < 0.05）. Significant positive correlation（rs =1.000，P < 0.01）was observed between GI（Gingival index）and detection rate of  Fn in the orthodontic group by using spearman rank correlation analysis. Conclusion    Fn is closely related to occurrence and development of gingivitis reaction during orthodontic treatment. Therefore，orthodontists should pay more attention to the oral hygiene instruction and supervision during orthodontic treatment.

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Clinical evaluation of total glucosides of paeony combined with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection for oral lichen planus ZUO Wen-xin，QIN Nian-hong，LI Xiao-yu，LIU Kai. 2012, 5(10): 617-620.  Abstract ( )   To evaluate the efficacy and safety of total glucosides of paeony combined with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection for oral lichen planus（OLP）. Methods    Totally 58 patients with clinically confirmed erosive and ulcerative OLP were randomly divided into two groups，treated with total glucosides of paeony+triamcinolone acetonide and triamcinolone acetonide respectively；meanwhile，the VAS and REU scoring system was utilized to compare the signs and symptoms. Results    The effectiveness rate of the treatment group was 82.8%（24/29），the control group 79.3%（23/29），showing that there was no statistical significance of effectiveness rate between them（χ2 = 0.112，P > 0.05）at the first month. The effectiveness rate of the treatment group was 86.2%（25/29），the control group 51.7%（15/29），showing that there was statistical significance of effectiveness rate between them（χ2 = 15.241，P < 0.01）at the third month. Conclusion    Total glucosides of paeony combined with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection is effective and safe in the treatment of OLP.

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Effect of the length of crown and the depth of undercut on the retention of flexible denture in maxillary incisor region ZOU Kang-yuan，FU Zhen-nan，CHEN Yue-ming，CHEN Jue-qing. 2012, 5(10): 620-622.  Abstract ( )   Objective    To evaluate the effect of the height of crown and the depth of undercut on the retention of flexible denture in maxillary incisor region. Methods    Totally 212 patients who needed the flexible denture in the maxillary incisor region were involved. All patients were assessed by the same examiner at the moment of denture insertion，3 and 6 months later，respectively. The following items were verified in each assessment：retention，crown height and undercut depth of abutment teeth. Patients were divided into two groups by retention：good retention group and bad retention group. Results         There was significant difference of crown height and undercut depth of abutment teeth between the two groups at each assessment（P < 0.05）. Conclusion    Retention of flexible dentures in the maxillary incisor region was affected by the crown height and undercut depth of abutment teeth. It’s necessary to make a comprehensive evaluation of the height of crown and the depth of undercut of bilateral abutments before restoration.

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Efficacy analysis of the treatment for oral hemangioma by Pingyangmycin with different concentration  LIU Zheng-yu，XUE Lei，YUAN Wei-li，WEI Jing-jian，LEI Bo-cheng，WANG Xu-kai. 2012, 5(10): 623-625.  Abstract ( )   Objective    To evaluate the clinical effect of using different concentration of Pingyangmycin to treat hemangioma in oral and maxillofacial region and to provide reference for treating hemangioma. Methods    Totally 98 patients with hemangioma in oral and maxillofacial region were reviewed who were treated by Pingyangmycin with different concentration to different parts. The details were as follows：to the hemangioma of the surface it was 1.0 mg/mL while to mucous membrane and subcutaneous it was 1.6 mg/mL. Results    The effectiveness of shallow hemangioma was 98.1%，and that of  the deep hemangioma was 100%. Conclusion    For different parts of hemangioma，different concentrations of Pingyangmycin treatment is with good result and can reduce unnecessary complications.

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Clinical research progress of alkali production by oral bacteria PENG Xian*，GUO Qiang，XU Xin. 2012, 5(10): 626-630.  Abstract ( )   Alkali production from the metabolism of oral bacteria plays an important role in dental plaque pH homeostasis and oral microbial ecology，and it is closely related to the occurrence and development of dental caries. Recently，alkali generation by oral microorganisms has become the frontier of cariology，and plenty of studies are focused on the regulatory mechanisms of arginine catabolism，urea catabolism，agmatine catabolism and malolactic fermentation of the oral bacteria. This paper aims to review recent findings，especially clinical findings in this field，in order to shed light on an alternative approach to caries control by making full use of the alkali producing capacity of oral bacteria.

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Application of gene chip technology to oral medicine LI Chang*， CHEN Xu. 2012, 5(10): 631-634.  Abstract ( )   Gene chip technology， as a new molecular biological high technology， is widely used in many fields of life science and plays an important role in it. This article summarized the application of gene chip technology to oral medicine in recent years.