Abstract: Early childhood caries（ECC）is a relatively common prevalent chronic oral disease in children. ECC not only affects the children′s chewing function，but also adversely affects the permanent teeth，oral and maxillofacial development，and even the whole body health. The pathogenesis of ECC involves many factors，such as eating habits，oral hygiene and bacterial infection. Personalized risk assessment for children at this stage，and targeted preventive measures or early treatment for high -risk factors，which are conducive to controlling the occurrence and development of caries and promoting children′s oral health. This article combines the four-united factors of caries to make a review of the research progress on the mechanism and prevention strategies for ECC.

Key words: early childhood caries, mechanism, prevention

摘要： 低龄儿童龋是较为常见的儿童口腔疾病，严重的龋坏不仅影响患儿的咀嚼功能，还会影响其恒牙和口腔颌面发育及全身健康。低龄儿童龋的发生与饮食习惯、口腔卫生状况及细菌感染等多种因素相关。针对该阶段儿童进行个性化风险评估，并对高风险因素采取针对性预防措施或早期治疗，有利于控制龋病的发生发展，促进儿童口腔健康。文章结合龋病的四联因素学说，就低龄儿童龋的发生机制及防治策略的研究进展做一综述。

关键词: 低龄儿童龋, 机制, 预防