Abstract: The etiology of oral mucosal diseases is complex，and the pathogenesis is closely associated with systemic status and disorders. In some cases，it is directly linked to secondary damage induced by the treatment for systemic diseases. Radiation-induced oral mucositis（RIOM）is a special type of oral mucosal disease. Its occurrence is directly related to radiotherapy for head and neck tumors，and its diagnosis and treatment logics differ significantly from those of common mucosal diseases. We mainly elaborate on the clinical manifestations，diagnosis and differential diagnosis，as well as treatment of RIOM. We place special emphasis on the management goals and challenges for RIOM patients，thereby providing theoretical and practical guidance for clinical practice. Our aim is to facilitate the prevention and control of diagnostic risks and improve the quality and efficacy of RIOM treatment.

Key words: radiation-induced oral mucositis, diagnosis, treatment

摘要： 口腔黏膜病的病因复杂，其发病机制不仅与患者全身状态及疾病本身密切相关，还与全身性疾病治疗过程中产生的继发性损伤直接关联。放射性口腔黏膜炎（radiation-induced oral mucositis，RIOM）在口腔黏膜病中属于性质特殊的类型，其发病与头颈部肿瘤放疗直接相关，诊疗逻辑与普通黏膜病差异显著。文章对RIOM的临床表现、诊断和鉴别诊断、治疗进行阐述，特别强调RIOM患者的管理目标和难点，以期为临床工作提供理论和经验指导，实现诊断风险防控，提高质量疗效。

关键词: 放射性口腔黏膜炎, 诊断, 治疗