Abstract: Apical peri-implantitis（API）is an inflammatory lesion categorized as one of the biological complications of dental implants，with a relatively low clinical occurrence rate（0.26%  - 3.80%）. This condition typically localizes around the periapical region of the implant，while other bone-implant interfaces remain unaffected. In the early stages of API，characteristic clinical symptoms are often absent，and detection of potential lesions relies on radiographic imaging. Currently，there is a lack of universally recognized classification systems and clinical treatment consensus for this condition. Treatment options generally involve non-surgical approaches aiming at implant preservation and surgical interventions，including flap elevation with implant apical surgery，guided bone regeneration，and/or implant apical resection. Early diagnosis and treatment of API during the osseointegration phase holds promise for improving implant survival rates and reducing the risk of implant removal.

Key words: apical peri-implantitis, osseointegration, survival rate, classification, non-surgical treatment, surgical treatment

摘要： 种植体根尖周炎是一类炎性病损，属于种植体生物学并发症的一种，其临床发生率相对较低（0.26% ~ 3.80%）。该疾病一般局限于种植体根尖区域，其他骨-种植体接触界面则保持正常。在种植体根尖周炎的早期阶段，通常缺乏特征性的临床症状，只有影像学检查才能揭示潜在病灶。目前，该疾病尚缺乏公认的分类系统和临床治疗共识。一般在治疗选择方面，可采取保留种植体的非手术治疗和手术治疗两种方式，后者包括翻瓣行种植体根尖术、引导骨组织再生术和（或）种植体根尖切除术。在骨结合阶段对种植体根尖周炎进行早期诊断和治疗，有望提高种植体的存留率，从而降低种植体被拔除的风险。

关键词: 种植体根尖周炎, 骨结合, 存留率, 分类, 非手术治疗, 手术治疗