中国实用口腔科杂志

中国实用口腔科杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (4): 447-452.DOI: 10.19538/j.kq.2025.04.009

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

孕妇口腔保健自我效能的影响因素及与牙科焦虑情况相关性分析

钱奕君1，曾晓莉2，张    皓2，虞    瑾2，江一巍2，王沪宁2，朱茹意1，张    颖2   

  1. 1. 上海市普陀区眼病牙病防治所，上海 200060；2. 复旦大学附属口腔医院，上海市口腔医院预防处，上海市颅颌面发育与疾病重点实验室，上海 200001
  • 出版日期:2025-07-30 发布日期:2025-07-30
  • 通讯作者: 张颖
  • 基金资助:
    上海市科学技术委员会国际科技合作项目（21410713500）；上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划重点学科建设项目（GWVI-11.1-32）

  • Online:2025-07-30 Published:2025-07-30

摘要： 目的    研究孕妇口腔保健自我效能的影响因素及与牙科焦虑情况的相关性。方法    于2021年3—6月在上海市16个区采用随机抽样法各选取4所社区卫生服务中心建立档案的孕妇共2 638名，指导其填写调查问卷并进行口腔检查。采用改良牙科焦虑量表（modified dental anxiety scale，MDAS）评估牙科焦虑情况，采用口腔保健自我效能量表（self-efficacy scale for self-care，SESS）评估自我效能状况，分析孕妇自我效能的影响因素及与牙科焦虑情况的相关性。结果    2 638名孕妇MDAS评分平均（10.57 ± 3.93）分，其中患有牙科焦虑症（MDAS评分≥ 12分）孕妇920名（占34.9%）；SESS总分平均为（53.76 ± 11.03）分，属于中水平。多元线性回归分析结果显示，文化程度、洗牙频率、刷牙频率、牙线使用频率、刷牙出血、牙齿数量、是否患牙科焦虑症均是SESS总分的影响因素（均P < 0.05）。MDAS评分与SESS 3个维度（平衡饮食、正确刷牙、定期就诊）评分及总分呈负相关（r值依次为-0.406、-0.470、-0.441、-0.500，均P < 0.001）。正确刷牙维度评分和SESS总分是MDAS评分的独立影响因素（均P < 0.05）。结论   孕妇的文化程度、口腔护理意识、口腔健康行为及口腔健康状况等均与自我效能相关，提升孕妇的口腔保健自我效能可降低牙科焦虑程度。

关键词: 牙科焦虑症, 自我效能, 孕妇, 刷牙出血, 口腔健康行为, 牙齿数量

Abstract: Objective    To explore the influencing factors of oral health self-efficacy and its correlation with dental anxiety in pregnant women. Methods    From March to June in 2021，a random sampling method was used to select 2 638 pregnant women with  files established at 4 community health centers in each of the 16 districts of Shanghai. They were instructed to fill out the questionnaires and had oral examinations. The modified dental anxiety scale（MDAS）was used to assess dental anxiety，and the self-efficacy scale for self-care（SESS）was used to evaluate self-efficacy. The influencing factors of self-efficacy in pregnant women and its correlation with dental anxiety were analyzed. Results    Of the 2 638 pregnant women，the average score of MDAS was（10.57 ± 3.93）. Totally 920（34.9%） of them had MDAS score greater than 12 points and they were diagnosed with DA.The average total SESS score of pregnant women was（53.76 ± 11.03），which was at a medium level. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the education level，frequency of teeth cleaning，frequency of tooth brushing，use of dental floss，gingival bleeding on brushing，the number of teeth，and whether having dental anxiety were all the influencing factors of total SESS score（P < 0.05）. The MDAS score was negatively correlated with the scores of the three dimensions of SESS（balanced diet，correct brushing，and regular clinic visits）and the total score（r values were -0.406，-0.470，-0.441，and -0.500，P < 0.001）. The score of correct brushing dimension and SESS total score were independent influencing factors of MDAS score（P < 0.05）. Conclusion    Education level，oral care awareness，oral health behaviors，and oral health status of pregnant women are all related to self-efficacy. Enhancing the oral health self-efficacy of pregnant women can reduce their dental anxiety levels.

Key words: dental anxiety, self-efficacy, pregnant women, gingival bleeding on brushing, oral health behavior, number of teeth