中国实用口腔科杂志

中国实用口腔科杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (1): 54-59.DOI: 10.19538/j.kq.2025.01.009

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同牵引钩高度对上颌尖牙远中移动生物力学效应的三维有限元分析

李宜宁，彭友俭，佘文婷，李若涵   

  1. 武汉大学人民医院口腔科，湖北 武汉 430060
  • 出版日期:2025-01-30 发布日期:2025-01-30

  • Online:2025-01-30 Published:2025-01-30

摘要： 目的    通过三维有限元分析研究不同牵引钩高度对上颌尖牙远移时的生物力学性能影响，确定最佳牵引钩高度，并探讨其与阻抗中心位置的关系。方法    构建包含牙周膜、牙齿、牙槽骨、托槽和弓丝等结构的上颌牙列-牙周膜-牙槽骨的三维有限元模型，并依据模型中的牙周膜是否假定为均质、各向同性的线弹性体分为线性组和非线性组。将牵引钩的垂直距离设定为1、4、7、8、9、10 mm 6种工况。在牵引钩的钩端部（即负载加载点）施加朝向远中并指向第一磨牙的1.47 N牵引力，分析线性组和非线性组6种工况下牙周膜的等效应力、最大压应力、最大拉应力和内外侧牙周膜最大主应力值的流体静应力，以及尖牙的移动情况。结果    6种工况中，当牵引钩高度为8 mm时，线性组和非线性组上颌尖牙牙周膜的等效应力、最大拉应力及最大压应力绝对值最小，且远中面出现最大范围的良好应力区域，无危险应力区域。随着牵引钩高度的不断增加，线性组和非线性组牙根由近中逐渐向远中移动，牙冠由远中逐渐向近中移动；当牵引钩高度为8 mm时，牙根和牙冠均向远中移动，且位移量相近（< 1 mm）。此外，高度8 mm的牵引钩较接近阻抗中心。结论   6种工况中，高度8 mm的牵引钩位置施力更加接近阻抗中心，能实现上颌尖牙的控根远移，并有效减少牙根吸收的风险。

关键词: 上颌尖牙, 牵引钩, 正畸力, 正畸牙移动, 有限元分析

Abstract: Objective    To investigate the biomechanical properties of maxillary canines during distal displacement under different traction hook heights through three-dimensional finite element analysis，with the aim of determining the optimal traction hook height and exploring its relationship with the impedance center position. Methods    Construct a three-dimensional finite element model of maxillary dentition-periodontal ligament-alveolar bone，including the periodontal ligament，tooth，alveolar bone and archwire，and divide it into linear and nonlinear groups based on whether the periodontal ligament in the model is assumed to be a homogeneous and isotropic linear elastic body. Set the height of the traction hook to 6 working conditions of 1 mm，4 mm，7 mm，8 mm，9 mm and 10 mm. Apply a 1.47 N traction force towards the far center and towards the first molar at the hook end（i.e. loading point）of the traction hook. Analyze the equivalent stress，maximum compressive stress，maximum tensile stress，and maximum principal stress values of the periodontal ligament on the inner and outer sides of the tooth under the 6 working conditions of linear and nonlinear groups，and the movement of the canine teeth was also analyzed. Results    In the six working conditions of this study，when the height of the traction hook was 8 mm，the absolute values of the equivalent stress，maximum tensile stress，and maximum compressive stress of the periodontal membrane of the maxillary canines in the linear and nonlinear groups were the smallest，and a good stress area with the maximum range appeared on the far and middle surfaces，without any dangerous stress areas. As the height of the traction hook increased，the linear and nonlinear tooth roots gradually moved from mesial to distal，and the dental crown gradually moved from distal to mesial. When the height of the traction hook was 8 mm，both the tooth root and crown moved distally，and the displacement was similar（< 1 mm）. In addition，the 8 mm-high traction hook was closer to the impedance center. Conclusion    Among the six working conditions in this study，the traction hook closer to the impedance center（with a height of 8 mm）is more capable of controlling the root displacement of maxillary canines，and effectively reduces the risk of root resorption.

Key words: maxillary canine, traction hook, orthodontic force, orthodontic tooth movement, finite element analysis