关键词: 水凝胶微针, 口腔黏膜疾病, 经黏膜给药, 药物缓释, 微创治疗

Abstract: Oral mucosal diseases encompass a wide variety of subtypes，and topical medication serves as the primary intervention strategy. Nevertheless，the moist dynamic oral environment，saliva washing，and epithelial barrier significantly limit the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of conventional drugs，resulting in frequent drug administration and poor patient compliance. As an emerging minimally invasive drug delivery platform，hydrogel microneedles possess distinctive merits including painless penetration of mucosal barriers，targeted localization，and sustained long-term drug release，which offer a novel technical approach for the treatment of oral mucosal diseases. This review systematically elaborates the classification and structural design parameters of microneedles，as well as the latest research progress of hydrogel microneedles in the treatment of oral mucosal diseases. Furthermore，it thoroughly analyzes key obstacles hindering the clinical translation of this technology，such as insufficient mechanical strength，inadequate mucoadhesion，lack of standardized manufacturing protocols and biosafety risks. Prospects for the intelligent and integrated development of hydrogel microneedles are also proposed，aiming to provide references for further research and development in relevant fields.

Key words: hydrogel microneedles, oral mucosal diseases, transmucosal drug delivery, sustained drug release, minimally invasive therapy