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02 November 2017, Volume 33 Issue 11 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Prediction of the early fetal loss in RSA patients. GUO Song，ZHANG Jian-ping 2017, 33(11): 1112-1117.  DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2017110103 Abstract ( )   In China，recurrent spontaneous abortion（RSA）refers to spontaneous abortion continuously at least 3 times with the same partner. More than 80% spontaneous abortion happens during the early pregnancy. For the RSA patients，it is necessary to observe the embryo growth during the early pregnancy，so that we can adjust the treatment in time，increasing the gestation，decreasing the economic and mental burden. This paper mainly sketches some quotas about the early fetal loss.

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Research progress of embryo implantation：from basic research to clinical application ZHANG Ying，WU Jin-xiang 2017, 33(11): 1117-1121.  DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2017110104 Abstract ( )   Embryo implantation is an important research direction of reproductive medicine.A successful embryo implantation，coordinating the implant-competency blastocyst with receptive uterus，determines pregnancy outcome and health condition of the newborn.By combining the implantation-related study in both mice and human，we summarizes the basic and clinical research progress in recent years in order to provide reference and guidance for improving pregnancy rate in assisted reproductive technology practice and reducing early pregnancy abortion rate.

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Etiology and prevention of stillbirth WANG Meng-lu，CHEN Qian 2017, 33(11): 1121-1125.  DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2017110105 Abstract ( )   Stillbirth is one of the most severe complications of pregnancy and occurs far too frequently.Etiologies of stillbirth are various and complicated，but still with some unknown causes.Strategies，such as assessment of fetal activity，fetal growth screening and biomarkers，have been used to screen the general population.Interventions to prevent stillbirth include identification of high-risk women，antenatal surveillance and iatrogenic delivery.Finding high-risk populations，monitoring closely and intervening early may decrease the incidence rate of stillbirth.

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Pregnancy complicated with diabetes and stillbirth WANG Zi-lian，CHEN Han-qing 2017, 33(11): 1125-1128.  DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2017110106 Abstract ( )   Pregnancy complicated with diabetes is an important risk factor of the rising of stillbirth rate.Its mechanism is complex，and microvascular diseases induced by hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia may be a key step of stillbirth.With the popularity of screening methods of pregnancy associated with diabetes，the improvement of prenatal care and treatment，the incidence of stillbirth was significantly decreased.Pay attention to the standardized management of gestational diabetes mellitus，especially carrying out preconception counseling，strengthening the screening and management of hyperglycemia during pregnancy，rational prenatal care，and timely delivery are the key to reducing the incidence of stillbirth.

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Being elderly and stillbirth. WANG Lin-lin，MA Yu-yan 2017, 33(11): 1129-1132.  DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2017110107 Abstract ( )   The incidence and prevalence of elderly parturient women in our country increase with the two-child policy and development of assisted reproductive technology.However，advanced pregnancy is likely to cause a variety of internal and surgical diseases，complicated by fetal intrauterine abnormalities，fetal chromosomal disease and fetal death，etc，leading to adverse pregnancy outcome.Clinically，there is a critical need for the supervision of elderly patients with pregnancy，standarding prenatal examination，focusing on screening，and having early diagnosis，timely treatment and timely termination of pregnancy，in order to reduce the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.This article discusses the relationship between the elderly and stillbirth，the mechanism of stillbirth and how to prevent stillbirth and improve the outcome of the pregnancy.

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Fetal growth restriction and stillbirth WANG Jia-lue，YANG Zi 2017, 33(11): 1132-1136.  DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2017110108 Abstract ( )   Stillbirth is associated with fetal growth restriction（Fetal Growth Restriction，FGR）.FGR is one of the important causes of stillbirth，and both of them are similar in etiology and risk factors.But the risk factors of FGR are complex.Identification of potential risk factors of FGR and early detection as well as early diagnosis and early intervention of FGR are the keys to reducing the incidence of stillbirth in FGR with various factors.

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Progress in researches of the prediction of pre-eclampsia-induced stillbirths ZHENG Dong-ying，QIAO Chong 2017, 33(11): 1137-1141.  DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2017110109 Abstract ( )   Pre-eclampsia is a relatively common complication of pregnancy，leading to considerable perinatal death.The causes of pre-eclampsia induced stillbirths are complicated，and placental hypoperfusion leading to fetal anoxia is the direct reason.Prediction by combined indexes is the development trend，but the early diagnosis is still the key.The screening of common people and multi-center testing of combined indexes are the direction of future researches.

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Clinical monitoring ways to prevent stillbirth YU Jun，FENG Ling 2017, 33(11): 1141-1144.  DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2017110110 Abstract ( )   The death of a fetus before delivery is called stillbirth in China，which is after 20 weeks of gestation.The incidence of stillbirth directly affects the perinatal mortality，which is a sensitive indicator of medical quality in a region and a country.There are usually some traces before stillbirth occurs.The key to prevent stillbirth and improve the quality of obstetrics is to correctly identify high-risk factors，strengthen the management of pregnancy，and effectively use the means of detection.

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Effect of commonly-used tocolytic drugs on fetuses LIAN Yan，WANG Xie-tong 2017, 33(11): 1144-1148.  DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2017110111 Abstract ( )   Most of tocolytic drugs currently in use are not developed specifically to treat preterm labour and have multi-organ side effects.β2-epinephrine agonists，oxytocin receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers are relatively safe for the fetus.The neuroprotective magnesium sulfate on the early preterm children has been affirmed，long-term and large amount of magnesium sulfate for intrauterine exposure may lead to fetal and neonatal bone loss and fracture.Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors have potentially serious side effects on the fetus and neonate in the third trimester，but are safe in the second trimester.Vaginal progesterone is an effective tocolytic drug with minimal effect on the fetus.

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Color Doppler ultrasound used in the prediction of stillbirths ZHENG Zheng，LIU Hui-shu 2017, 33(11): 1148-1151.  DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2017110112 Abstract ( )   Stillbirth is defined as a baby born without signs of life after 23+6 weeks of pregnancy， which is one of the important causes of perinatal death.If stillbirth can be effectively predicted，it is of great significance to reduce perinatal mortality.Maternal uterine artery doppler in the prediction of stillbirths in different gestational age shows that in second-trimester uterine artery PI is effective in identifying early stillbirths in association with PE，abruption or SGA. The fetal doppler blood flow parameters，including the umbilical artery，middle cerebral artery，venous catheter，abdominal umbilical vein，and so on，can improve the diagnostic rate of fetal distress. Combined monitoring of blood flow parameters，comprensive evaluation of intrauterine hypoxia and timely intervention may prevent stillbirth.

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Placental pathology of the fetal death LIU Ming，WANG Yan-ling 2017, 33(11): 1151-1157.  DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2017110113 Abstract ( )   The placenta is a temporary organ existing during pregnancy，which is critical to fetal development and pregnancy maintenance.It is the only place where the fetus exchanges nutrients and gases with the mother and clears metabolic waste during pregnancy.An immunotolerant environment is established in the placenta to ensure that the semi-allograft fetus is not rejected by the mother.In addition，the placenta is an important endocrine organ to modulate the pregnancy adaptation response of the maternal organs to the growing fetus.Disorders in placental development will cause various pregnancy diseases，hamper the fetal development and even lead to fetal death.In this article，we briefly introduce the physiological events of placental cell differentiation and function，and summarize the knowledge on the pathological properties of the placentas for the lethal fetuses derived from fetal growth retardation（FGR），preeclampsia（PE）or gestational diabetes mellitus（GDM）.The prospect of intervening the pregnancy diseases by targeting the placentas is discussed.