Abstract: Infertility has become a major global health challenge.Patients with premature ovarian insufficiency（POI）have a significant decline in fertility and an increased risk of various chronic diseases.The etiology of POI is complicated and with high heterogeneity.With the application of fertility preservation in cancer patients getting more and more attention，the indications of fertility preservation have been extended to POI high-risk hereditary diseases such as Turner syndrome and Galactosemia.This review mainly focuses on the fertility preservation and prevention and treatment of POI before the occurrence of POI in patients with iatrogenic and hereditary POI risk.

Key words: fertility preservation, premature ovarian insufficiency, ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation

摘要： 不孕不育已成为一个全球性的重大卫生挑战，早发性卵巢功能不全（premature ovarian insufficiency，POI）患者生育力显著下降，且各种慢性病发生风险增加。POI病因复杂，异质性高。随着生育力保护在癌症患者中的应用及得到越来越多的关注，生育力保护适应证也扩大到了特纳综合征、半乳糖血症等POI高风险的遗传性疾病。文章主要针对存在医源性和遗传因素POI风险的患者在发生POI前的生育力保护及POI的防治进行阐述。

关键词: 生育力保护, 早发性卵巢功能不全, 卵巢组织冻存与移植