Abstract: Medical treatment of endometriosis is of very important value because it is a chronic and recurrent disease that can hardly be cured only by conservative surgery. Many drugs have been developed for relieving pain symptoms associated with endometriosis，such as nonsteroids anti-inflammatory drugs，conjugated oral contraceptives，progestins，androgen derivative，GnRH-agonists or GnRH-antagonists and traditional Chinese medicine. Experts consensus has been achieved and published in China on postoperative long-term management to relieve pain and to prevent recurrence of endometriosis. Medical treatment in the long-term management of endometriosis should be guided by clinical problems and centered on patients，drugs  should be selected according to age and stage so that an integrated treatment is performed. In recent years，early prevention of endometriosis has been advocated，and empirical drug therapy is recommended for adolescents with dysmenorrhea and menstrual related pain，or for those clinically diagnosed with endometriosis without surgical indications，to relieve pain and reduce the incidence of endometriosis or delay the progression of endometriosis.

Key words: endometriosis, medical treatment, long-term management

摘要： 子宫内膜异位症（简称内异症）是一种慢性、复发性疾病，单纯保守性手术难于治愈，药物治疗占据重要地位。治疗内异症疼痛常用而有效的药物除非甾体类抗炎药（NSAIDs）外，还有口服避孕药、孕激素、雄激素衍生物、促性腺激素释放激素激动剂（GnRH-a）和拮抗剂及中医中药等。术后药物维持治疗以控制疼痛和预防复发的长期管理方案已达成中国专家共识，内异症长期管理中的药物治疗要以临床问题为导向，以患者为中心，分年龄阶段选择药物，综合治疗。近年来，倡导对内异症早期预防，推荐对青春期有痛经及月经相关疼痛症状，或临床诊断为内异症但无手术适应证者，推荐经验性药物治疗，以缓解疼痛症状，降低内异症发病率或延缓内异症进展。

关键词: 子宫内膜异位症, 药物治疗, 长期管理