Abstract: Pulmonary and pleural endometriosis is a very rare extrapelvic endometriosis，which is collectively known as thoracic endometriosis syndrome. The clinical features are menstrual related periodicity，including catamenial hemoptysis，catamenial pneumothorax and catamenial hemothorax. Diagnosis usually needs to exclude other common causes of pneumothorax，hemoptysis and pleural effusion. Pathological diagnosis is difficult，so it's ausually clinical diagnosis. GnRH-a experimental treatment is helpful for diagnosis. There is no standard treatment recommended，and drug therapy is still recommended as the first-line treatment in most literatures. Surgical treatment is considered only when drug treatment is ineffective or there is contraindication.

Key words: endometriosis, thoracic endometriosis syndrome, catamenial hemoptysis, catamenial pneumothorax, catamenial hemothorax

摘要： 肺和胸膜子宫内膜异位症是一种非常少见的盆腔外子宫内膜异位症，被合称为胸腔子宫内膜异位综合征。临床特点具有月经相关的周期性特点，可以表现为经期咯血、气胸、血性胸腔积液等。病理诊断具有一定困难性，通常依靠临床诊断，需要除外其他引起气胸、咯血、胸腔积液的常见原因。促性腺激素释放激素激动剂（GnRH-a）试验性治疗有助于诊断。诊断和治疗都需要多学科合作，尚无标准的治疗方式推荐，但药物治疗仍然被多数文献推荐为一线治疗。当药物治疗无效或者存在禁忌证时考虑外科手术治疗。

关键词: 子宫内膜异位症, 胸腔子宫内膜异位综合征, 经期咯血, 经期气胸, 经期血性胸腔积液