Abstract: Instrumental delivery，including forceps delivery and vacuum extraction，makes a great contribution to decreasing caesarean delivery rate and increasing vaginal delivery rate，as well as handling dystocia. Experienced care providers with appropriate training are the keys to a successful vaginal delivery. Inappropriate operations could do severe maternal and neonatal harms，and even cause permanent birth injuries to newborns. Obstetrician should make thoughtful judgements by fetal and maternal conditions, along with their experience，to come to a conclusion whether an instrumental delivery is doable. It is with great importance to decrease maternal and neonatal morbidity rate.

Key words: instrumental delivery, obstetrical forceps, vacuum extraction, neonatal birth injuries

摘要： 器械助产包括产钳和胎头吸引器助产，对降低剖宫产率、处理难产并提高阴道分娩率起重要作用。充分的临床经验和对操作人员的适当培训对安全执行手术分娩至关重要。但应用不当可能会造成严重母儿损伤，严重者甚至导致新生儿永久性伤害和致残。助产人员应根据孕妇-胎儿-自身经验等进行决策，充分评估是否具备器械助产的成功条件，强调降低母体及新生儿并发症的发生至关重要。

关键词: 器械助产, 产钳, 胎头吸引器, 新生儿产伤