Abstract: The uterus is basically composed of luminal epithelium，glands，stroma and myometrium.Under the coordination of estrogen and progesterone，the periimplantation endometrium undergoes establishment of the uterine receptivity and decidualization so as to provide fertile soil for embryo implantation and placental development.In assisted reproductive technology programs，there are plenty of approaches to evaluating the quality of embryos.However，endometrial abnormalities are considered to be one of the limiting factors that need to be overcomed urgently.This article explores the physiological changes and molecular basis of the periimplantation endometrium based on the uterine anatomy，with a view to provide reference and guidance for clinical assisted reproduction diagnosis and treatment.

Key words: endometrium, periimplantation, uterine receptivity, decidualization

摘要： 子宫主要由腔上皮、腺体、基质和肌层组成，在雌孕激素的作用下，围种植期的子宫内膜通过容受性的建立以及蜕膜化为胚胎种植和胎盘发育提供肥沃的土壤。在临床辅助生殖诊疗中，胚胎方面的质量评估已有多种手段，而子宫内膜的异常被认为是目前急需克服的关键限制因素之一。文章从子宫的解剖结构出发，探讨了围种植期子宫内膜的生理变化与分子基础，以期为临床辅助生殖诊疗提供参考和指导。

关键词: 子宫内膜, 围种植期, 内膜容受性, 蜕膜化