Abstract: Acute respiratory tract infection（ARTI） is one of the most common reasons for pediatric outpatient and emergency visits in China and represents a significant public health issue due to its association with increased complications and healthcare utilization. In order to implement the relevant requirements of the National Health Commission for improving medical quality，a multidisciplinary panel of experts was convened by the National Institute of Hospital Administration，in collaboration with the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Practical Pediatrics and China Medical and Health Culture Association. Based on clinical experience and a systematic review of domestic and international evidence，the Expert Consensus on Diagnosis，Management and Prevention of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Pediatric Outpatient and Emergency Departments is developed. The consensus provides guiding recommendations on common pathogens，disease assessment，auxiliary examinations，rational drug use，and comprehensive prevention strategies. It aims to standardize clinical management，optimize decision-making，and promote appropriate antibiotic use，hence reducing the incidence of severe disease and risk of death and increasing the comprehensive prevention and treatment level of ARTI in children in China.

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摘要： 急性呼吸道感染（acute respiratory tract infection，ARTI）是我国儿科门急诊最常见的就诊原因之一，也是导致儿童并发症增加及医疗资源负担加重的重要公共卫生问题。为贯彻国家卫生健康委关于提升医疗质量的相关要求，国家卫生健康委医院管理研究所联合《中国实用儿科杂志》编辑委员会、中国医药卫生文化协会组织多学科专家，在总结临床实践经验并系统梳理国内外循证证据的基础上，制定了《儿童门急诊急性呼吸道感染诊断治疗与预防专家共识》。该共识围绕常见病原、病情评估、辅助检查、合理用药及综合预防等关键环节提出指导性建议，旨在规范诊疗行为、优化临床决策、促进抗菌药物合理使用，从而降低重症发生率及死亡风险，提升我国儿童 ARTI 的整体防治水平。

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