Lung ultrasound （LUS），as a noninvasive and non-radiative imaging technique，has demonstrated significant value in the diagnosis and monitoring of severe pediatric pneumonia in recent years. The article systematically elucidates the basic principles of LUS，abnormal signs （such as pulmonary consolidation，increased B-lines，pleural effusion，etc.），and its diagnostic and evaluation efficacy in severe pediatric pneumonia；it also points out the advantages and limitations of LUS. In the future，it is necessary to promote the establishment of a child-specific LUS scoring system and explore artificial intelligence-assisted analysis techniques to enhance objectivity.

lung ultrasound, child, severe pneumonia, diagnosis

肺部超声（LUS）作为一种无创、无辐射的影像技术，近年来在儿童重症肺炎的诊断与监测中展现出重要价值。该文系统阐述了 LUS 的基本原理、异常征象（如肺部实变、B 线增多、胸腔积液等）及在儿童重症肺炎中的诊断与临床评估效能；同时指出 LUS 的优势及局限性。未来需推动儿童特异性 LUS 评分系统的建立，并探索人工智能辅助分析技术以提高客观性。

肺部超声, 儿童, 重症肺炎, 诊断