Abstract: Urinary tract infection （UTI） in children is a common cause of fever and bacteremia in infants and young children， with a tendency to recur. Incomplete treatment may lead to serious consequences. Urine test results are crucial for clinical diagnosis. Urine culture is the gold standard for diagnosing UTI. Standardized methods for collecting urine samples are needed to reduce the possibility of contamination. With the widespread use of antibacterial drugs， the problem of drug resistance has become increasingly prominent， bringing challenges to the treatment of UTI in children. Prevention and control strategies include rational use of antibacterial drugs， strengthening etiological monitoring and drug susceptibility testing， promoting new antibacterial drugs and combination drug regimens， and strengthening public education.

Key words: urinary tract infection, child, etiological detection, antibiotic resistance

摘要： 儿童泌尿系感染（UTI）是婴幼儿发热和菌血症的常见原因，具有复发倾向，治疗不彻底可能导致严重后果。尿液检查结果对临床诊断至关重要，尿培养是诊断UTI的金标准，需规范尿液样本留取方法，减少污染可能。随着抗菌药物的广泛使用，耐药性问题日益凸显，为儿童UTI治疗带来挑战。防控策略包括合理使用抗菌药物、加强病原学监测与药敏试验、推广新型抗菌药物及联合用药方案、加强公众教育。

关键词: 尿路感染, 儿童, 病原学检测, 耐药