Abstract: Congenital rubella syndrome is a disease that usually starts in infancy and is caused by rubella infection in the mother's uterus. The main manifestations are hearing impairment， congenital heart malformation， cataract/congenital glaucoma and pigmentary retinopathy， and a few may be complicated by interstitial pneumonia. Nowadays CRS is rare，and there has been no report on cases of CRS complicated with interstitial pneumonia. This article reports a case of URS complicated with interstitial pneumonia starting in infancy who were hospitalized in the Guangzhou women and Children’s Medical Center from November 29，2020. The main clinical manifestations were interstitial pneumonia， cataract， hearing impairment， congenital heart malformation， etc. Serum rubella virus-IgM was positive， the alveolar lavage fluid was detected by high throughput seguencing and rubella virus was found， and chest CT showed uniform ground glass interstitial changes in both lungs， which confirmed the diagnosis of CRS complicated with interstitial pneumonia. This article aims to study the harm and prognosis of the disease and strengthen the attention of clinicians by analyzing the pathogenesis， clinical manifestations， laboratory indicators， imaging manifestations，treatment and prognosis of CRS complicated with interstitial pneumonia. 

Key words: congenital rubella syndrome, interstitial pneumonia, infant

摘要： 先天性风疹综合征（congenital rubella syndrome， CRS）通常在婴儿期起病，由母体子宫内感染风疹病毒引起，主要表现为听力障碍、先天性心脏畸形、白内障/先天性青光眼和色素性视网膜病变等，少数可并发间质性肺炎。CRS现已非常少见，国内更无CRS合并间质性肺炎相关的病例报道。文章报告广州医科大学附属妇女儿童医疗中心2020-11-29收治的婴儿期起病的CRS合并间质性肺炎1例，该例以间质性肺炎、白内障、听力障碍、先天性心脏畸形等为主要临床表现。查血清风疹病毒-IgM抗体阳性，肺泡灌洗液查病原微生物高通量测序检测出风疹病毒，胸部CT提示双肺呈均匀毛玻璃样间质性改变，明确诊断为CRS合并间质性肺炎。文章通过分析CRS合并间质性肺炎的致病机制、临床表现、实验室指标、影像学表现、治疗及预后等，探讨其危害及预后，加强临床对该疾病的重视。

关键词: 先天性风疹综合征, 间质性肺炎, 婴儿