Abstract: Artificial placenta technology aims to maintain the fetal physiological state of extremely preterm infants by extracorporeal life supporttechnology，simulate the intrauterine environment，maintain the development of vital organs，avoid the iatrogenic injury of traditional treatment，so as to decrease the mortality and severe morbidity of extremely preterm infants，and improve the long-term quality of life of extremely preterm infants.In recent years，great progress has been made in the field of artificial placenta，and clinical translation is around the corner. This article reviews the research background，recent advances and the challenges in the clinical translation of artificial placenta.

Key words: artificial placenta, extracorporeal life support, extremely preterm infant, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

摘要： 人工胎盘旨在通过体外生命支持技术替代胎盘功能并保持超早产儿的胎儿生理状态，模拟子宫内环境，维持重要器官的发育，避免常规治疗的医源性损伤，从而降低超早产儿的死亡率和严重并发症的发生率，改善超早产儿远期生存质量。近年来，人工胎盘领域的研究取得了很大进展，临床转化指日可待。该文对人工胎盘的研究背景、研究进展以及人工胎盘的临床转化面临的挑战进行讨论。

关键词: 人工胎盘, 体外生命支持, 超早产儿, 体外膜氧合