Abstract: Fulminant myocarditis in children is the most serious type of childhood myocarditis， which progresses rapidly and can be manifested as heart failure， cardiogenic shock and severe arrhythmia， endangering the life of children. Once the disease is suspected， it needs great attention， rapid diagnosis， multi-professional cooperation， and all-out treat-ment. Under the promotion of the Myocarditis Collaboration Group of the Cardiovascular Group of the Chinese Academy of Pediatrics， China updated the expert recommendations on the diagnosis of childhood myocarditis in 2018， and has subsequently organized national pediatric cardiovascular experts to carry out discussions and lectures on the diagnosis and treatment of fulminant myocarditis a number of times. The diagnosis and treatment of fulminant myocarditis in children has been improved and rich experience has been accumulated in various medical centers. This article reviews the progress in diagnosis and treatment of fulminant myocarditis in children.

Key words: child, fulminant myocarditis, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis

摘要： 儿童暴发性心肌炎是儿童心肌炎中最严重的类型，进展迅速，可表现为心力衰竭、心源性休克以及严重心律失常，危及患儿生命。一旦怀疑本病，需要高度重视、迅速诊断、多专业合作、全力救治。在中华医学会儿科学分会心血管学组心肌炎协作组的推动下，2018年我国已经更新了儿童心肌炎诊断的专家建议，随后多次组织全国儿童心血管病专家对暴发性心肌炎诊疗开展研讨及宣讲。各医疗中心对儿童暴发性心肌炎的诊治认识不断提高，也积累了丰富的经验。文章就目前儿童暴发性心肌炎的诊治进展进行综述。

关键词: 儿童, 暴发性心肌炎, 诊断, 治疗, 预后