Abstract: Myocarditis is a common disease in children.Myocarditis is a disease characterized by localized or diffuse inflammatory lesions in the myocardial tissue，primarily manifested by myocardial cell necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in the interstitium.The etiology of myocarditis includes infectious and non-infectious causes.Viral infections have been proven to be the most common infectious cause，while autoimmune factors and drugs play a major role in non-infectious causes.The pathogenesis of myocarditis involves direct and secondary damage to myocardial cells，immunological mechanisms，abnormal gene signaling pathways，miRNA，genetic susceptibility，and other factors.In recent years，there has been considerable attention given to myocarditis due to the global pandemic of the novel coronavirus and the widespread application its vaccine .This article elaborates on the current research status and progress of the etiology and pathogenesis of myocarditis.

Key words: myocarditis, etiology, pathogenesis

摘要： 儿童心肌炎较为常见，心肌炎是心肌组织呈局部或弥漫性炎症性改变的疾病，以心肌细胞坏死和间质炎性细胞浸润为主要表现。心肌炎的病因包括感染因素及非感染因素。病毒感染已被证明是最常见的感染因素，自身免疫因素和药物因素在非感染因素中占主要地位。心肌炎的发病机制涉及心肌细胞的直接和继发性损害、免疫学发病机制、基因信号通路异常、miRNA、遗传易感性等多方面。近年来，新型冠状病毒大流行以及其疫苗的广泛应用所导致的心肌炎备受关注。文章围绕儿童心肌炎的病因以及发病机制的研究现状和进展进行阐述。

关键词: 心肌炎, 病因学, 发病机制