Remarkable progress has been made in diagnosis and treatment level of rheumatic and autoimmune diseases in children in recent years. On the diagnostic front， the advent of biomarker-driven disease stratification has revolutionized patient management by enabling early identification of high-risk individuals and facilitating personalized treatment plans. The expanding clinical application of genetic sequencing has particularly enhanced our comprehension of monogenic lupus and other prevalent childhood autoimmune disorders. Concurrently， diagnostic classification systems are undergoing continuous refinement to keep pace with the precision medicine paradigm shift.Therapeutic advancements have been equally transformative. Early， standardized intervention has emerged as a critical factor in preventing irreversible organ damage and optimizing long-term prognosis. Modern treatment strategies now feature increasingly targeted immunosuppressive regimens， while the accelerated development of biologic agents has substantially expanded the therapeutic arsenal for pediatric rheumatic diseases. Particularly promising are novel cellular therapies that show great potential in this evolving landscape.These collective developments underscore the growing importance of molecular-guided stratified diagnosis and tailored therapeutic interventions as fundamental components in elevating the standard of care for pediatric rheumatic and autoimmune disorders.

rheumatic and immune diseases, precision medicine, personalized precision therapy

近年来，儿童风湿免疫性疾病的诊疗水平取得了显著提升，这主要得益于诊断与治疗策略的系统性优化。在诊断领域，生物标志物研究的突破性进展不仅实现了疾病精准分层管理，更为高危患儿的早期识别和个体化治疗方案的制定提供了科学依据；基因测序技术的临床应用深化了对单基因狼疮等儿童高发风湿免疫性疾病的分子机制认知；同时，各类疾病分类标准持续迭代，这些都充分体现了精准医学理念的深入发展。在治疗方面，临床实践已形成共识：早期规范化干预是减轻靶器官损害、改善长期预后的关键所在。当前治疗策略呈现两大趋势：一是免疫抑制治疗日益精准化，二是生物制剂的快速发展极大丰富了治疗选择。值得关注的是，以细胞治疗为代表的前沿技术正在儿科风湿病领域展现出令人振奋的应用前景。可以预见，基于分子特征的分层诊断体系与个体化精准治疗方案的有机结合，将成为推动儿童风湿免疫性疾病诊疗水平跨越式发展的核心驱动力。

风湿免疫性疾病, 精准医学, 个体化精准治疗