Abstract: With the growing awareness of the detrimental impacts of sleep-disordered breathing，particularly obstructive sleep apnea（OSA），on neurocognitive and behavioral developmentof children，the demand for diagnosing sleep-disordered breathing and identifying the obstructive sites is constantly increasing. Standard polysomnography（PSG）remains the gold standard for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea in children；however，it cannot be widely implemented among children.Drug-induced sleep endoscopy（DISE）and cine magnetic resonance imaging（Cine-MRI）are the most commonly used tools for upper airway evaluation，yet each has its own pros and cons in clinical applications. Hence，for many years，discussions have been ongoing to propose strategies to optimize polysomnography in children and assess the sleep breathing status of the upper airway.

Key words: child, obstructive sleep apnea, polysomonog-raphy, drug-induced sleep endoscopy

摘要： 随着儿童睡眠呼吸障碍（特别是阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停）对儿童神经认知和行为产生危害性的认识日益增强，对睡眠呼吸障碍和阻塞部位的诊断需求正在不断增加。标准的多导睡眠监测（PSG）仍是诊断儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的金标准，但无法在儿童中广泛开展。药物诱导睡眠内镜（DISE）和电影磁共振成像（Cine-MRI）是最常用的上呼吸道评估工具，但临床应用中各有优缺点。多年来，人们一直在探讨和提出优化儿童多导睡眠监测和评估上气道睡眠呼吸状态的策略。

关键词: 儿童, 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停, 多导睡眠监测, 药物诱导睡眠内镜