Abstract:

Objective　To explore the clinical features of acute poisoning in children to search for effective preventive measures. Methods　A total of 521 cases of acute poisoning in Xi’an Children’s Hospital from January 2012 to January 2017 were collected and all clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Results　Among the 521 cases of acute poisoning，291 cases（55.9%） were boys，and 230 were girls（44.1%）. Acute poisoning occured in all ages of children and  children in infancy period and pre-school period were more susceptible（257 cases and 147 cases）； poisoning occured mostly at home（508 cases， accounting for 97.5%）， and in the countryside（431cases， 82.7%）； the most common season was summer（187cases，35.9%）. The intoxication from digestive tract was the most common in all intoxicated pathways （492 cases，94.4%）. After timely and reasonable treatment，most children had a good prognosis. Conclusion　Acute poisoning is most common in infants and preschool children. The majority of the patients are from rural areas. The most common season is summer. The most common intoxication is digestive tract.

Key words: child, acute poisoning, preventive measures

摘要：

目的　研究儿童急性中毒的临床特征，以期寻求有效预防措施。方法　回顾性分析2012年1月至2017年1月西安市儿童医院消化科收治的因急性中毒住院的521例患儿的临床资料。结果　521例患儿中男性291例（55.9%），女性230例（44.1%）；幼儿期257例（49.3%），学龄前期147例（28.2%）；中毒地点在家中为508例（97.5%），农村431例（82.7%）；中毒时间在夏季187例（35.9%）；中毒途径以消化道中毒为492例（94.4%）；及时治疗后，儿童急性中毒多数预后良好。结论　儿童急性中毒主要发生在婴幼儿和学龄前儿童；多发生在农村，夏季高发，以消化道中毒为主。

关键词: 儿童, 急性中毒, 预防措施