中国实用儿科杂志

中国实用儿科杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 202-207.DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2026030606

• 专题笔谈 • 上一篇    下一篇

国内外儿童重症肺炎诊断标准对比与思考

  

  1. 上海交通大学医学院附属儿童医院呼吸科，上海  200062
  • 出版日期:2026-03-06 发布日期:2026-04-22
  • 通讯作者: 董晓艳，电子信箱：dongxy@shchildren.com.cn

Comparison of diagnostic criteria for severe childhood pneumonia：domestic and international perspectives

  1. Department of Respiratory Medicine，Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine，Shanghai  200062，China
  • Online:2026-03-06 Published:2026-04-22

摘要： 社区获得性肺炎仍是全球5岁以下儿童死亡的首要感染性病因。2019年全球因肺炎死亡的5岁以下儿童约占1~5岁儿童死亡的22%，早期精准识别是降低其病死率的关键环节。然而，由于不同国家和地区的流行病学特征、临床实践需求及医疗资源配置存在差异，国内外尚未形成统一的儿童重症肺炎诊断标准。文章系统梳理了国内外儿童重症肺炎诊断标准，通过对比异同，探讨各标准的优势与局限性，并结合病原学变迁、技术发展及临床需求，提出优化诊断体系的思考与展望，为推动儿童重症肺炎的规范化诊疗提供参考。

关键词:

Abstract: Community-acquired pneumonia（CAP） remains the leading infectious cause of death in children under 5 years old worldwide. In 2019，pneumonia accounted for approximately 22% of all deaths in children aged 1~5 years globally. Early and accurate identification is a crucial link in reducing its mortality rate. However，due to differences in epidemiological characteristics，clinical practice needs，and medical resource allocation across countries and regions，a unified diagnostic standard for severe childhood pneumonia has not been established domestically or internationally. This article systematically summarizes the diagnostic criteria for severe childhood pneumonia at home and abroad，explores the advantages and limitations of each standard by comparing their similarities and differences，and puts forward thoughts and prospects for optimizing the diagnostic system based on with etiological changes，technological advancements，and clinical needs. It aims to provide a reference for promoting the standardized diagnosis and treatment of severe childhood pneumonia.

Key words: severe pneumonia, child, diagnostic criteria, early warning