关键词: 注意缺陷多动障碍, 结构磁共振成像, 弥散张量成像, 功能磁共振成像, 动脉自选标记成像

Abstract: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. In recent years，the advancement of magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） technology has provided a non-invasive means to investigate the structural and functional abnormalities of brain in ADHD. This article reviewed the research conducted in recent years on ADHD using various MRI techniques，including structural MRI （sMRI），diffusion tensor imaging （DTI），functional MRI （fMRI），and arterial spin labeling（ASL）. These studies have revealed abnormalities in brain structure，white matter microstructure，resting-state brain function，task-related brain function （such as attention，impulse control，and inhibition），as well as cerebral blood flow in ADHD children. Considering the gender differences in ADHD prevalence，it is speculated that there are differences in brain structure and function between males and females. This review specifically focuses on the gender differences observed in brain MRI findings. The findings from MRI studies on ADHD have significant implications for a better understanding of the underlying pathological mechanisms of ADHD.

Key words: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, structural magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, arterial spin labeling