关键词: 脂肪酸, 多不饱和脂肪酸, 脑发育, 孤独症, 注意缺陷多动障碍

Abstract: Fatty acids are essential components of body growth and development，playing various roles in maintaining health and preventing diseases. Among them，dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids，especially Omega-3 polyunsa-turated fatty acids，are indispensable to neurodevelopment. In the process of child development，a deficiency of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can lead to damage to the nervous system，resulting in various neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia，attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD），and autism spectrum disorders. If Omega-3 polyun-saturated fatty acids are lacking during pregnancy，it can result in preterm birth，neonatal mortality and maternal depression during the perinatal period，and fetal abnormal brain development. This review summarizes the recent research progress on Omega-3 fatty acids at home and abroad，highlighting the importance of Omega-3 fatty acids in the human body and their role in neurodevelopment. For the patients with neuropsychiatric diseases such as ADHD，the potential nutritional metalolic abnormality should be paid attention to and metabolic analysis should be performed to identify macro-nutrient structural problems. Appropriate supplementation of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can improve the neuropsychiatric status of patients.

Key words: fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids, brain development, autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders